22/09/2026
The USA doesn't have Glanvac although Canada does. CLA (cheesy gland)
is widespread and even a sheep truck driven past can introduce it into your herd as the organism lasts a long time in dust
RESEARCH SHARE
Prevalence and demographic trends of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Caseous Lymphadenitis) in domestic goats and sheep: A ten-year retrospective study from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Highlights
• Submissions for CLA in domestic goats and sheep included 120,958 individuals and 20,492 herds.
• Sheep exhibited a higher prevalence of CLA across samples, individual animals, and herds.
• SHI demonstrated a positive prevalence of 10.7% in individual sheep and 3.9% in individual goats.
• Aerobic culture positive prevalence was 34.0% in individual sheep and 33.6% in individual goats.
• SHI positive prevalence increased by age: ≤ 6 months (2%), 7–24 months (3.7%), > 24 months (5.1%).
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, is a chronic, contagious disease of small ruminants that impacts animal health and economic concerns globally. This retrospective study analyzed 10 years (May 1, 2015–May 1, 2025) of domestic sheep and goat diagnostic data from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (WADDL) to characterize CLA prevalence using synergistic hemolysin inhibition (SHI) and CLA-targeted aerobic cultures. Data from 139,238 sample submissions (120,958 individual animals; 20,492 herds) were standardized and analyzed at the sample, individual, and herd level. Herd-level prevalence exceeded individual prevalence and the number of animals tested per herd was associated with herd-level positivity for both species. The prevalence of CLA based on SHI was lower (Chi-sq p < 0.0001) in goat samples (3.7%; 4452/120,213) than sheep samples (9.9%; 1779/17,990). However, the prevalence of CLA based on CLA-targeted aerobic culture was similar (Chi-sq p > 0.05) in goat samples (33.3%; 269/808) and sheep samples (32.2%; 73/227). Overall, prevalence increased with animal age (Chi-sq p < 0.0001) and was found to be higher (Chi-sq p < 0.05) in females of the combined species (SHI 4.9% (2281/46,268); aerobic culture 35.7% (251/704)) than in males (SHI 3.9% (450/11,561); aerobic culture 25.6% (61/238)). Geographic variation was observed, with SHI results indicating a lower prevalence of CLA in both goats and sheep in WA as compared to other regions in the United States and Canada (Chi-sq p < 0.0001). These findings underscore the importance of surveillance to inform epidemiological studies and herd-level control strategies aimed at reducing the burden of CLA across diverse production systems.
Source: Small Ruminant Research, November 2026
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448826001872