A-Z VET

AQUEOUS HUMOR
humor is a clear, watery fluid, similar to plasma exception with the protein content which is filled up the anterior compartment of the eye.(In both anterior and the posterior chambers).This maintain the intra occuar pressure ,act as a passageway for the light,provide nutrition to the cornea, refraction of the light,removal of waste materials in the epithelium of the ciliary body and act as an anti microbial factor.It is composed of water,glucose,amino acids ,ascorbic acid and some electrolytes.Aqueous humor is produced in the ciliary epithelial cells in ciliary processes of the ciliary body.Let's see the major pathway of the aqueous humor from the ciliary processesm.Epithelial cells secrets the aqueous humor into the posterior chamber and it reaches to the anterior chamber through the pupil.Then it provides nutrition to the substantial propria of the cornea and through the canal of Schlemm in the pectinate ligament it drains into the collecting canals,then into the venous sinuses in the sclera and into the ciliary vein.
Glucoma is apathological condition associated with the aqueous humor ,which you should know as a Veterinarian.This occurs due to any obstruction in the pathway that drains the aqueous humor.In normal healthy animals this fluid drains constantly from the eye via iridocorneal and uveosacral outflow patways.The obstruction discourages this drainage.There are two types of glucoma;primary and secondary in which the obstruction is caused by an abnormally developed draining process or a damage to the draining system.This leads to the accumulation of the aqueous humor and increase the pressure within the eye subsequently.Drugs like ,beta blocking adrenergics,mitotics are used to treat glucoma conditions.

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Most of the are synthesized at the and the gamma globulins are produced in plasma cells.As you all know the synthesis of proteins occurs in membrane bound .In above chart we have classified the major plasma proteins that you can find in the plasma.Hope this will help you to get an overview of the plasma proteins.

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time !!!!!
(06th)
Identify the organ
1)Lung
2)Kidney
3)Prostate
4)Mammary gland
5)Thyroid gland

your answer below and be a winner.
Take this as mock tests for the upcoming quiz month and be ready.Two will be choosen through google name picker and shared in the feed.

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Methods of obtaining a sample from a :-
1)Mid stream free flow /voided sample
This method can be performed by the owner.Urine is collected into a sterile clean container.The urine can be contaminated with and cells in the lower urinary tract.But this is the easiest way to get a .This method can be used to both female and male animals

2)Catheterization
can be used to both male and female animals.First the area is cleaned with sterile water and with a sterile gel.Also the long hair in urethral area is cliped away.The above methods are minimize the contamination .Then a sterile catheter is inserted into the and at the other end urine sample is obtained by a cyringe.The first portion of the urine is usually discarded away.If the catheter is too long it tends to kink and causes within the tract.If it is too small leakages can be occurred .

3)Cystocentasis
is a method of collecting urine sample in both which is least contaminated with cells or bacteria in normal healthy animals as it is obtained directly from the .So it is used for urine .

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@ Sydney, Australia

Just came across today
A good work 👏👏👏👏 Follow our instagram account and page -Z VETfor more information on

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SPECIES VARIATION OF THE HAIR :-
In our previous posts we have shared the structure and the classification of the hair.Let's learn the species variation today.

1).Simple follicle
a)Evenly distributed - cattle,horse
b)Grouped in clusters of 3 - Pig

2).Compound follicles (Composed of long primary hair and groups of secondary hairs)
Dog
Cat

3)Uncountable hair follicles (fleece,wool)
Sheep

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Bovine facts!!!!
MASTITIS
Mastitis is the inflammation of the udder or the mammary glands in generally.Mastitis causes udder infections and the microbes invades the glandular tissues.The microbes enters in to the mammary tissues during the milking or any other environmental contacts.

Symptoms :-
*Swelling of the udder *Increased heat around the udder
*Redness *Pain
*Watery appearance in milk with clots,pus and flakes.(may present blood clots)
*Reduction in milk yield *Sunken eyes *Loss of appetite
Tests to detect :-
*California mastitis test
*Strip cup test
*Check the electrical conductivity of the milk
*Bulk tank somatic cell count
*Individual cow somatic cell count
*Milk cultures

Treatment :-
Antibiotics - Penicillins Cephalexin Dicloxacillin Chlorampenicol Aminoglycosides

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HOW TO CLASSIFY THE HAIR FOLLICLES ?
In a previous post we have shared the basic structure of a hair.Let's see the classification of the hair follicle .
CLASSIFICATION :-
Hair follicles can be classified according to the diameter and the organization .
1)Diameter *Large diameter hair
This type of hair contains sweat glands ,arrector pili muscle and sebaceous glands along with it.
eg :Over coat of the animal *Small diameter hair
This type of hair lacks sweat glands and arrector pili muscle
eg:- under hair

2)Organization *Simple follicle
A single hair comes out from one opening *Compound follicle
Several hairs from hair follicles come out in one opening.

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Fun time!!!!!!!!
5th quiz

What is enucleation ?
1)Removal of eye
2)Removal of te**is
3)Extraction of the nucleus from a cell
4)Introduction of new nuclear material to another cell
5)Recombination of nuclear materials

Comment your answer below and be a winner.Two winners will be selected from both facebook and instagram.Share this quiz with your friends and get them involved.
Take this regular quizzes as mock test for the upcoming quiz month and prepare for it.

Have fun,learn new things,be a winner and improve your knowledge.

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Congratulations !!!!!!
Winners of the last quiz.
-Auwalu Ishaka
- S Kumar

The answer for the quiz is,
Salivary glands

Most of you may identified it as the pancreas but,
*There are no endocrine portions inbetween *No centraloacinar cells

But take this as a great experience 😊
Vets are always clever and become greater with experience .

TAKE THIS QUIZZES AS MOCK TEST FOR THE UPCOMING QUIZ MONTH.STAY TUNED AND WIN GIFTIES