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29/12/2025

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01/11/2025

01/11/2025

How do you get rid of chronic hives?

Over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines are usually the first-line treatment for chronic hives.

Non-drowsy antihistamines with few side effects include:

cetirizine (Zyrtec)

loratadine (Claritin)

fexofenadine (Allegra)

levocetirizine (Xyzal)

01/11/2025

What are the symptoms of chronic hives?

Symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticariaTrusted Source can include:

raised or swollen welts on your skin (hives or wheals) that appear and reappear over the course of 6 weeks

itching that is sometimes severe

swelling of the lips, eyelids, or throat (angioedema)

Your hives may change size, fade, and reappear. Heat, exercise, or stress may aggravate your symptoms.

What causes chronic hives, and who’s at risk?

Chronic idiopathic urticaria isn’t an allergy and isn’t contagious. It’s probably caused by a combination of factors.

These may include environmental irritants, your immune system, and genetics. It can also be a response to a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.

Chronic idiopathic urticaria activates the immune response system. It also affects your hormones, nervesTrusted Source, and the clotting processes in the blood.Trusted Source

Any of these things may trigger an outbreak of hivesTrusted Source:

pain medications

infection

insects or parasites

scratching

heat or cold

stress

sunlight

exercise

alcohol or food

pressure on your skin from tight clothing

31/10/2025

For your treatment

31/10/2025

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis:

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a skin condition that creates red areas of skin that are covered with yellow greasy scales. The condition can emerge diffusely over the scalp, and can also extend to other areas of the head and body, in particular behind the ears and at the posterior of the neck.

The cause of this condition is unknown, but it seems possible that genetic factors are implicated. It's also true that androgen production plays a part, which establishes sebaceous activity in puberty. The condition is associated with oiliness of the skin.

Oiliness = Dry Scalp

This oiliness is caused when sebum is acted upon by the yeast, pityrosporum ovale, which is found in the skin. This results in itching, scaling and redness; it's also worth remembering that the scaly or dry scalp described by most people with this condition can be caused by oiliness, though many people assume an oily scalp cannot be dry.

We often see the condition in our London clinics, and many patients are concerned with regards to whether or not their hair loss is due to seborrhoeic dermatitis. Whilst it is not always the case, the condition can cause hair loss, and traction alopecia can also result if the area is scratched repeatedly. Belgravia has successfully treated many cases of traction alopecia using a treatment plan including high strength minoxidil. This topical medication is currently only MHRA licensed and FDA approved for the treatment of genetic hair loss, but is understood to have wider applications for other hair loss conditions.

Treating Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

Treatment of the condition can help to relieve the itching by reducing the scaly skin and the inflammation itself. It's important to shampoo your hair daily: the amount of time that the medicated shampoo stays on the scalp is less important than the frequency it is used.

31/10/2025

What Is Seborrheic Dermatitis?

Seborrheic dermatitis is common, affecting about 11% of people, and usually doesn't cause any harm beyond irritation.

The causes of seborrheic dermatitis are unknown, but it's believed that one of the factors is an inflammatory response to Malassezia yeast on the skin.

Seborrheic dermatitis can develop at any age but most commonly develops in infants between 2 and 12 months of age, and then later in adults between the ages of 30 and 60

It is not contagious, meaning that it cannot spread from person to person.

Seborrheic Dermatitis Symptoms in Adults

In adults, seborrheic dermatitis tends to be itchy and chronic, or ongoing, and may come and go for years with cycles of flare-ups.

The scaly patches on the skin are itchy, moist, and often yellowish in color.

Areas Affected by Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis develops on areas of the skin that contain a large number of sebaceous (oil-producing) glands, such as the scalp and face. This includes the ears, eyebrows, and eyelids.

Other areas that may be affected by seborrheic dermatitis include the upper chest and back, armpits, and groin.

30/10/2025

Ear infections are a significant health issue in Africa, with various factors contributing to their prevalence. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ear infections are a leading cause of hearing loss in Africa.

Prevalence of Ear Infections in Africa:*

- The WHO reports that over 40 million people in Africa live with hearing loss, with a prevalence of 3.6%
- It's estimated that 54 million people in Africa will have disabling hearing loss by 2030, and this number is projected to rise to 97 million by 2050

*Causes of Ear Infections in Africa:

- Chronic otitis media (COM) is a significant cause of hearing loss in Africa, accounting for a substantial proportion of cases.
- Other causes include impacted wax, presbycusis, ototoxicity, and meningitis.
- Infections common in childhood, such as measles, meningitis, and mumps, can also lead to ear infections and hearing loss.

*Challenges in Addressing Ear Infections in Africa.*

- Limited access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas, contributes to the high prevalence of ear infections and hearing loss.
- There is a significant shortage of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists, audiologists, and other healthcare professionals trained to diagnose and treat ear infections in Africa.
- The cost of ear care services and devices, such as hearing aids, is often prohibitively expensive for many individuals in Africa.

*Prevention and Treatment:*

- Preventing ear infections through good hygiene practices, such as washing hands regularly, and avoiding exposure to loud noises can help reduce the risk of ear infections.
- Early detection and treatment of ear infections can help prevent long-term damage and hearing loss.
- Increasing access to ear care services, including ENT specialists and audiologists, and making ear care devices more affordable can help address the burden of ear infections in Africa.

30/10/2025

let's fight otitis media together. (AFRICA)

To prevent ear infections among children in Africa, consider the following measures:
- *Keep ears clean and dry*: Regularly clean the outer ear with a soft cloth.
- *Avoid inserting objects*: Teach children not to insert objects like cotton swabs, fingers, or sticks into their ears.
- *Breastfeeding*: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months can help reduce the risk of ear infections.
- *Vaccination*: Ensure children receive recommended vaccinations, such as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), to help prevent ear infections.
- *Good hygiene*: Encourage frequent handwashing with soap and water.
- *Avoid exposure to smoke*: Keep children away from secondhand smoke.
- *Proper ear care after swimming or bathing*: Dry ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing.
- *Regular check-ups*: Schedule regular health check-ups to detect any potential ear problems early intervention and treatment.
- *Health education*: Provide education on ear infection prevention and management to parents, caregivers, and community health workers.

By implementing these measures, we can reduce the burden of ear infections and promote better ear health for children in Africa.

30/10/2025

Otitis externa

The predominant symptom of acute otitis externa is tenderness of the pinna, which worsens when the outer ear is touched or gently pulled. Additionally, pushing the tragus (the tablike portion of the auricle in front of the ear canal) typically causes pain, aiding in diagnosis. Other symptoms include ear discharge and itchiness. When swelling and discharge block the ear canal, temporary conductive hearing loss may occur.

Causes
Otitis externa develops when germs infect the skin of the ear canal, often facilitated by impairments in skin integrity. Healthy skin usually resists infection unless exposed to a high concentration of pathogens. However, chronic skin conditions like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or trauma can predispose to infection. Fungal infections, or otomycosis, can vary in severity, often exacerbated by prolonged use of steroid-containing antibacterial ear drops.

Swimming and Other Factors
Swimming in polluted water or water trapped in the ear after a shower can lead to otitis externa, particularly in humid climates. Prolonged swimming can saturate the ear canal skin, making it susceptible to damage from cleaning attempts. Constriction of the ear canal from bone growth (Surfer’s ear) or occupational exposure in saturation divers can also lead to infection.

Objects in Ear
Using objects like cotton swabs to clear the ear canal can cause skin breaks, allowing infection to develop. Once inflamed, the condition can worsen from further scratching or water exposure.

Infections
Most cases are due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with Candida albicans and Aspergillus species being common fungal pathogens.