Nurses HALL Academy

11/10/2026

i agree with zuno 🔥🔥🙌

ZUNMO URGES HEALTH MINISTER TO STOP PRACTICE OF ENGAGING VOLUNTEER HEALTH WORKERS

The Zambia Union of Nurses and Midwives’ Organization -ZUNMO- has called on Health Minister Professor Roma Chilengi to stop the practice of engaging volunteer health workers in health facilities.

ZUNMO President Frey Michelo says the practice undermines established recruitment procedures and exposes practitioners to exploitation.

Mr. Michelo notes with concern that some health facilities have continued to engage large numbers of volunteers, creating a false impression that they have adequate staffing levels when, in fact, the workers are not formally employed.

He has also cautioned health practitioners against volunteering with the expectation of securing employment, citing those who volunteered during the 2023–2024 cholera outbreak but are yet to be employed.

Mr. Michelo explains that volunteering should be aimed at refreshing theoretical knowledge and gaining practical experience, rather than serving as a pathway to employment.

He spoke to Phoenix News in response to whether Government should consider employing health workers who volunteered during the cholera outbreak under the proposed recruitment of 40,000 health workers, which Government says is likely to follow the recently signed health deal with the United States last week.

ZHWC

11/10/2026

Meet the Principal Tutor that has produced the national best student in midwifery two years in a row. Sister Valeria Kabaso from St Luke’s College of Nursing and Midwifery.

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11/10/2026

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11/10/2026

Admin post for me when are we Sending application letters for 40, 000 health workers recruitment? 😌

09/10/2026

Meet the national best performing student in Midwifery in the June 2026 competence examination,Betty Zulu from St Luke’s College of Nursing and Midwifery.

These are Big Machines!!!

Nursing and Midwifery Council of Zambia

07/10/2026

Do you know the Nursing school that recorded 5% pass rate?
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07/10/2026

With Nurses HALL Academy – I just made it onto their weekly engagement list by being one of their top engagers!

07/10/2026

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Maryam Phiri, Sichilima Chomba, Jay Bee, Lameck Kabulo, Caleb Chizzy Chisembele, Susan Lubilo, Rodgers Mwelwa, Stanley Nkata Bwalya, Jane Shanobe, Chrisma Mushambila, Edinah Lubinda, Brenda Chinku Kabwe, Mathews Zulu, Zintle Tafile, Titus Mungoni, Chikumbuso Chizy, Mary N Bwalya, Nah Kah Mbah, Wilson Phiri, Clara Musonda, Royce Sakala, Nancy Tricah, Sandra D Sungubele, Saraphinah Mubele, Rúth Åudrél Mwàñzá, Ngwenya Eunice, Jason Mweemba, Nancy Katongo, Choolwe Moono, Charles Kafula, Anthony Maurice Mwamz, Queen G Daniel, Astridah Fumpa, Luther Promise Khanema, Petronell Moonga, Christabel Mubanga, Evelyn Mtong, Betty Muwowo, Musaninyoze Ngoma, Eneless Katontoka, Aipher Chee Mwiinga, Josephine Mate, Solomon Lungu, Keeta Sandrah, Memori Mangwadi, Sylvester Liyungu, Alberto Matenga, Sydney Milimo, Abel Hakalima, Tolulope Akande

07/10/2026

learn from Mr Maxwell Mwamba

HUMERUS — DETAILED ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION

The humerus is the long bone of the arm. It extends from the shoulder joint to the elbow joint. Proximally, it articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity to form the shoulder joint; distally, it articulates with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint.

It is divided into:
1. Upper/proximal end
2. Shaft/body
3. Lower/distal end

1. PROXIMAL END OF THE HUMERUS

The proximal end consists mainly of the head, anatomical neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus and surgical neck.

A. HEAD OF HUMERUS

The head is a large, smooth, rounded articular surface.

- It is approximately hemispherical.
- It faces medially, upwards and slightly backwards.
- It articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
- Together they form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.
- The articular surface is covered by hyaline cartilage.

B. ANATOMICAL NECK

The anatomical neck is a shallow groove immediately surrounding the head.

It separates the head from the tubercles and provides attachment to part of the fibrous capsule of the shoulder joint.

C. GREATER TUBERCLE

The greater tubercle is a large projection on the lateral side of the proximal humerus.

It has three facets:
1. Superior facet — supraspinatus
2. Middle facet — infraspinatus
3. Inferior facet — teres minor

D. LESSER TUBERCLE

The lesser tubercle is smaller and lies on the anterior aspect of the proximal humerus.

It provides attachment for the subscapularis muscle.

E. INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS

The intertubercular sulcus, also called the bicipital groove, is a vertical groove between the greater and lesser tubercles.

It contains the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii.

It has:
- Crest of greater tubercle
- Crest of lesser tubercle

Attachments:
- Crest of greater tubercle — pectoralis major
- Floor of groove — latissimus dorsi
- Crest of lesser tubercle — teres major

F. SURGICAL NECK

The surgical neck is the constricted region of the humerus just below the tubercles.

It is a common site of fracture.

Structures at risk include:
- Axillary nerve
- Posterior circumflex humeral artery

2. SHAFT OF THE HUMERUS

The shaft is the long central portion of the humerus extending from the surgical neck to the distal end.

It has three borders:
1. Anterior border
2. Medial border
3. Lateral border

It has three surfaces:
1. Anteromedial surface
2. Anterolateral surface
3. Posterior surface

A. DELTOID TUBEROSITY

The deltoid tuberosity is a roughened elevation on the lateral aspect of the middle portion of the humeral shaft.

It provides attachment for the deltoid muscle.

B. RADIAL GROOVE

The radial groove, also called the spiral groove, is found on the posterior surface of the humeral shaft.

It contains:
- Radial nerve
- Deep brachial artery (profunda brachii artery)

Clinical importance:
A fracture of the shaft may damage the radial nerve, causing weakness of wrist and finger extensors and may result in wrist drop.

3. DISTAL END OF THE HUMERUS

The distal end is expanded and forms the major bony components of the elbow joint.

It contains:
- Medial epicondyle
- Lateral epicondyle
- Capitulum
- Trochlea
- Radial fossa
- Coronoid fossa
- Olecranon fossa
- Medial supracondylar ridge
- Lateral supracondylar ridge

A. MEDIAL EPICONDYLE

The medial epicondyle is a large projection on the medial side of the distal humerus.

It provides attachment for the common flexor tendon of the forearm.

The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle.

Clinical importance:
Injury or compression of the ulnar nerve may cause tingling or numbness along the medial forearm, little finger and medial half of the ring finger.

B. LATERAL EPICONDYLE

The lateral epicondyle is a projection on the lateral side of the distal humerus.

It provides attachment for the common extensor tendon of the forearm.

Clinical importance:
Overuse of this region may contribute to lateral epicondylitis, commonly called tennis elbow.

C. CAPITULUM

The capitulum is a rounded articular surface on the lateral side of the distal humerus.

It articulates with the head of the radius.

D. TROCHLEA

The trochlea is a spool-shaped articular surface on the medial side of the distal humerus.

It articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

E. RADIAL FOSSA

The radial fossa is a shallow depression above the capitulum on the anterior surface of the distal humerus.

During elbow flexion, it receives the head of the radius.

F. CORONOID FOSSA

The coronoid fossa is a depression above the trochlea on the anterior surface.

During elbow flexion, it receives the coronoid process of the ulna.

G. OLECRANON FOSSA

The olecranon fossa is a deep depression on the posterior surface of the distal humerus.

During elbow extension, it receives the olecranon process of the ulna.

H. SUPRACONDYLAR RIDGES

The medial and lateral supracondylar ridges are elevations above the corresponding epicondyles and provide attachment for muscles and connective tissue structures around the elbow.

ARTICULATIONS OF THE HUMERUS

1. Shoulder joint:
Head of humerus + glenoid cavity of scapula.

2. Elbow joint:
Trochlea + trochlear notch of ulna.
Capitulum + head of radius.

IMPORTANT MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS

- Greater tubercle — supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor.
- Lesser tubercle — subscapularis.
- Crest of greater tubercle — pectoralis major.
- Floor of intertubercular groove — latissimus dorsi.
- Crest of lesser tubercle — teres major.
- Deltoid tuberosity — deltoid muscle.
- Medial epicondyle — common flexor origin.
- Lateral epicondyle — common extensor origin.

CLINICALLY IMPORTANT AREAS

1. Surgical neck:
Fracture → axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery.

2. Shaft:
Fracture → radial nerve and profunda brachii artery.

3. Medial epicondyle:
Ulnar nerve passes posteriorly.

4. Lateral epicondyle:
Associated with common extensor origin and tennis elbow.

5. Greater tubercle:
Attachment of supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor.

6. Lesser tubercle:
Attachment of subscapularis.

7. Intertubercular groove:
Contains the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii.

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