Ma'had Ibn Hajar

A complete guide on the 'Sifah of Ghunnah

Part 2

A complete guide on the 'Sifah of Ghunnah

Ghunnah refers to the nasal pull which stems from the Khayshōm, the nasal cavity. It is a permanent characteristic Found in the letter نُوْن (including Tanween) and مِيْم.

This 'Sifah is sometimes more appearant إِنَّ, ثُمَّ، مِن قَبْلُ) and at times less appearant eg. َنُوْدِيَ، مِن الَّذِيْن

Duration:
The duration of Ghunnah is always 2 Harakāt.

The Makhraj of the Noon and Meem when pronouncing Ghunnah:
As mentioned before, the Ghunnah stems from the Khayshoom. However, what happens to the letters Noon and Tanween when applying Ghunnah, does it maintain it's Makhraj or does the Makhraj change?
The Makhraj changes depending on the scenario:

1 - Idghām into the letters of ينمو - Here, the Makhraj moves to Makhraj of the letter the Noon or Tanween is assimilated into eg. ٍمِنْ وَّال the Noon is pronounced from the lips and not the tip of the tongue. The same in ُمَنْ يَّقُوْل the Noon is pronounced from the middle of the tongue instead of the tip.

2 - Applying Ifhkā - Here, the Makhraj shifts close to the Makhraj of the letter Ifhfā is made into. For example, مِنْ قَبْل the Noon is articulated from a place close to the Makhraj of Qāf. The same in ْمِنْكُم the Noon is pronounced close to the Makhraj of Kāf.

The different levels of Ghunnah:
According to the majority of Qurrā, there are 5 levels of Ghunnah in the Noon and Meem, they are:

1 - When Mushaddad إِنّ، ثُمّ or ْإنْ نَّشَأ and مِنْ مَّال

2 - Idghām Nāqis into a وَاو or يَاء eg. مِنْ وَّال and مَنْ يَّقُول

3 - Making Ghunnah when applying Ikhfā eg. مِنْكُمْ، مِنْ قَبْل or ْفَاحْكُم بَيْنَهُم or ِيُنْبِتُ، عَلِيمٌ بِذَات

4 - When read with Ithār eg. ذَرَّةٍ خَيرا، مِن خَيْر and َأَمْ يَقُولُون

5 - When the two are Muta'harrik eg. يُنادُونَ، َنُودِي and مَحْظُورًا

How to pronounce Ghunnah:
The Ghunnah is pronounced considering the letter after the Noon or M

Imam Shāfi'e is recorded to have authored a numerous amount of books mainly on the topics of Fiqh and Usool-ul-Fiqh. Many of his books also included topics on Tafseer, Hadith Mustala'hāt-ul-Hadith and others.

A scholar by the name of Dr. Ahmad Badruddīn 'Hassōn has edited 10 of the books authored by Imam Shāfi'e and thereafter compiled all books into one, naming it: Mawsō'at-ul-Imaam As-Shafi'ee (the encyclopedia of Imam Shāfi'e). The list of these books are:

1. Al-Umm
2. Ikhtilaafu Abi Hanifah wa ibn Abi Layla رضي الله عنهما
3. Ikhtilaafu 'Ali wa Abdillah ibn Masood رضي الله عنهما
4. Ikhtilaafu Malik wa ash-Shāfi'iē رضي الله عنهما
5. Jimā'u-ul-'ilm
6. Bayānu Faraidhillah
7. 'Sifatu Nahyi RasooliLLah ﷺ
8. Ib'tāl-ul-Istihsān
9. Ar-Raddu 'alā Muhammad ibn Hasan As-Shaybāni رضي الله عنه
10. Siyaru-ul-Awzā'ī رحمه الله