Sir Mhlanga Gr 5-7English HL

There are two special forms for verbs called voice:

Active voice

Passive voice

The active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time.A feature of sentences in which the subject performs the action of the verb and the direct object is the goal or the recipient.



In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.



Interjection is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written. The table below shows some interjections with examples.

Interjections like er and um are also known as "hesitation devices". They are extremely common in English. People use them when they don't know what to say, or to indicate that they are thinking about what to say. You should learn to recognize them when you hear them and realize that they have no real meaning.

Past tense also has four forms.

Past Indefinite Tense

Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Progressive Tense

Past Indefinite Tense

The past indefinite tense, also known as simple past tense, is used to indicate a finished or completed action/task that occurred/happened at a specific point in time in the past. ‘A specific time’ can be diverse and can cover a long period of time but it cannot be undeterminable.

Structure:

Subject + verb in the past form + . . . . . + adverb of time + . . . . .

Note: Adverb of time can also be at the beginning of the sentence. Other sentences can also refer to that adverb and can use simple past tense.

Example:

Alex went to Mexico last year.

I ate a mango a few minutes ago.

He had an exam yesterday.

I used to travel around the world when I was fit. (It can also indicate a habit of the past which is not a habit in the present.)

Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense

The past progressive tense is used to demonstrate an action that was happening in the past for a period of time in a particular context. The context can be a specific time or another action.

Structures:

Subject + was/were + verb + ing + . . . . . a specific time

Alex was sleeping yesterday at 6.30 AM

I was cleaning the dishes at around 5.30-6.30 yesterday.



When + subject + simple past tense + subject + was/were + verb+ing . . . .

When I went out, you were shouting from behind.

When Alex came, I was sleeping.



Subject + was/were + verb+ing + when + subject + simple past tense . . . .

You were shouting from behind when I went outside.

I was sleeping when Alex came home.



While + subject + was/were + verb+ing + subject + was/were + verb+ing . . . .

While I was sleeping, you were making noises.

While Alex was playing, I was sleeping.

Note: While can also be placed between the two clauses, and one of the clauses can be of simple past tense.

Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect is used to demonstrate an action th

There is no doubt that articles are adjectives since they modify the nouns after them. But articles have some special significance as determiners. Articles determine the standard of nouns.

There are two types of articles:

Definite Article - the
The makes the noun something particular and definite.

Example:

Give me the ball.
(Here, the speaker is telling someone to give him/her a particular ball about which the speaker and the listener both are aware. There is no possibility of the ball to be anything else rather than the speaker and the listener idea of that particular ball.)

Indefinite Article - a & an
A & an - make the noun something general and indefinite.

Example:

Give me a ball.
(Here, the speaker is telling someone to give him/her a random ball about which the listener is not particularly aware of, and s/he might ask ‘which/what kind of ball you want?’.)

Give me an egg. (It can be any kind of egg – the possibility is open.)