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21/02/2022

29/11/2021

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24/09/2021

YOU MAY WRITE ME DOWN IN HISTORY
WITH YOUR BITTER, TWISTED LIES,
YOU MAY TREAD ME IN THE VERY DIRT
BUT STILL, LIKE DUST, I'LL RISE."

STILL I RISE😏

HAPPY HERITAGE DAY🌼🌻

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13/09/2021

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28/05/2021

What are the uses of DNA Fingerprinting/DNA Profiling?

DNA fingerprinting was originally used to identify the presence of genetic
diseases. Today, it is used
for the diagnosis of inherited disorders
for developing cures for inherited disorders
for identification of relatives
as biological evidence in criminal cases in forensic science
Criminals often leave behind biological evidence such as hair, blood stains
and semen stains at the scene of the crime. Police laboratories throughout
the world are now using DNA fingerprints/DNA profiles oblained from such
biological evidence to track down criminals. If a DNA fingerprint/profile
obtained from biological evidence such as blood, semen stains, hair, or
items of clothing matches that obtained from a suspect, then we can safely
say that the evidence came form the suspect. The use of DNA
profiles/fingerprints in police investigations fals in the field of forensic
science.

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"Costs, Consequences of Interpretation Errors and Ethical
Considerations"

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07/05/2021

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26/04/2021

DNA FINGERPRINTING (DNA PROFILING)

WHAT ARE DNA FINGERPRINTINGS?

*DNA FINGERPRINTINGS ARE ACTUALLY A PETTERN OF BLACK BARS LEFT ON X-RAY FILM WHEN AN EXTRACT OF DNA IS PUT THROUGH A SPECIAL BIOTECHNICAL PROCESS. SINCE THEY ARE NOT REALLY "FINGERPRINTS", MANY SCIENTISTS PREFER TO USE THE TERM DNA PROFILE.

DNA FINGERPRINTING/DNA PROFILING IS A METHOD OF IDENTIFYING AN INDIVIDUAL BY COMPARING HIS/HER DNA FINGERPRINT/PROFILE WITH ANOTHER KNOWN DNA FINGERPRINT/ PROFILE.

# HOW ARE DNA PROFILES/FINGERPRINTS MADE?

*A DNA FINGERPRINT IS MADE BY FIRST EXTRACTING A DNA SAMPLE FROM BODY TISSUE OR FLUID SUCH AS HAIR, BLOOD, OR SALIVA. THE SIMPLE IS THEN BROKEN UP INTO SMALL PIECES. THESE SMALL SEGMENTS OF DNA ARE MARKED WITH RADIOACTIVE PROBES AND EXPOSED ON X-RAY FILM. THE PATTERN OF BLACK BARS LEFT BEHIND ON THE X-RAY FILM IS THE DNA FINGERPRINT. IF THE DNA FINGERPRINT PRODUCED FROM TWO DIFFERENT SAMPLES MATCH, THE TWO SAMPLES PROBABLY COME FROM THE SAME PERSON.

NEXT "WHAT ARE THE USES OF DNA FINGERPRINTING/DNA PROFILING?"

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24/04/2021

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23/04/2021

DNA REPLICATION

*DNA REPLICATION TAKES PLACE DURING INTERPHASE OF MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
*THE WEAK HYDROGEN BONDS HOLDING THE COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRS TOGETHER BREAK AS A RESULT OF ENZYME ACTION.
*TWO SINGLE STRANDS RESULT.
*IN ADDITION TO THE NUCLEOTIDES THAT FORM DNA AND RNA, FREE NUCLEOTIDES ALSO OCCUR IN THE NUCLEAR SAP, AS PART OF WHAT IS KNOWN AS A NUCLEOTIDE POOL. EACH SINGLE STRAND PICKS UP FREE NUCLEOTIDES FROM THIS NUCLEOTIDE POOL AND BECOMES DOUBLE AGAIN.
*SINCE CYTOSINE CAN ONLY COMBINE WITH GUANINE, AND ADENINE ONLY WITH THYMINE, THE TWO NEW DOUBLE STRANDS ARE IDENTICAL TO EACH OTHER AS WELL AS TO THE ORIGINAL STRAND.
*THE PROCESS OF DNA REPLICATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE ENZYME DNA POLYMERASE.

AS A RESULT OF DNA REPLICATION.
*EACH AND EVERY CHROMOSOME WITHIN THE CELL IS ABLE TO MAKE AN IDENTICAL COPY OF ITSELF. THIS ENABLES THE NUCLEUS OF THE CELL TO SPLIT INTO TWO IN SUCH A WAY THAT EACH NEW CELL PRODUCED HAS THE SAME NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES, WHICH ARE IDENTICAL TO EACH OTHER AND TO THAT OF THE PARENT FROM WHICH THEY AROSE. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED MITOSIS
*THE NUCLEUS OF THE CELL CAN DIVIDE TWICE TO FORM FOUR NUCLEI, EACH WITH HALF THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES AS THE ORIGINAL NUCLEUS ( INSTEAD OF QUARTER THE NUMBER ) DURING MEIOSIS.

NEXT "DNA FINGERPRINTING (DNA PROFILING)

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18/04/2021

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

18/04/2021

DNA REPLICATION