08/02/2022
LITERATURE REVIEW
Let us talk about the literature review.
A literature review is one of the critical stages in a research process.
Unless otherwise, an excellent postgraduate research project should review the research problem or topic literature.
But the question is, what is a literature review?
A literature review is a comprehensive, systematic and critical review of scholarly publications.
By scholarly publications, we are referring to published and unpublished materials.
To move forward together, let me, in general, highlight the difference between published and unpublished scholarly materials.
Published material is scholarly work that has gone through a standard review system of an organisation or publisher used to assess the quality of the material before it is published or distributed.
In many instances, independent experts in the relevant research area are asked to assess submitted materials, be it a journal article or book chapter or research report for originality, validity and significance, to help editors determine whether the material should be published under their organisation.
An excellent example of published scholarly material is an article or paper in the Medical Journal of Zambia, a peer-reviewed quarterly journal intended to publish articles from all specialities of medicine.
While unpublished scholarly materials are the opposite of published material, they have not gone through a recognised assessment process of a particular organisation or publisher but are available to readers. A good example is a Masters Dissertation or PhD Thesis in the repository, also known as a digital archive that the University Library manages. The repository ensures that Dissertations and Theses are appropriately archived and are easy to find online. Though available online, these Dissertations and Theses remain unpublished scholarly materials because they have not been subjected to the publication criteria of a particular organisation or publisher.
However, Dissertations and Theses that have successfully gone through the University examination process and are re-written or re-formulated for publication purposes using specific standards of a particular organisation or publisher can become published scholarly materials.
On the whole, scholars seem to agree that there are three (3) critical purposes of conducting a literature review, discussed below:
(1) HIGHLIGHTING RESEARCH PROBLEMS
For this purpose, the literature review is conducted to help determine what is known and unknown about the research problem under study. In this spectrum, literature is conducted to determine gaps in the existing body of knowledge. The literature review here aims to show or highlight the research problem that needs to be studied as necessitated by gaps in the literature.
(2) HIGHLIGHTING RESEARCH PLANS
The second purpose of conducting a literature review is to ascertain research plans; designs, methods, theories, and research instruments available to scholars to choose the most suitable to underpin the study.
In this perspective, the literature review is conducted to discover the theoretical and conceptual frameworks that have been used to explain and examine related research problems, generate useful research questions to dissect the research problem, help to inform research processes, discover new ways of conducting research, and help to define concepts and terms related to the research topic for better understanding of research problem or what is to be studied.
(3) LITERATURE TO AID ANALYSIS
In this view, literature review is conducted to use it in the discussion and analysis of results or findings of the study to; confirm or disconfirm findings support implications and recommendations of the study.
In short, several scholars, when conducting a literature review, are guided by the triadic model showing the three purposes or use of literature review to (1) highlight the research problem; (2) identify suitable research methodology for the study; and (3) analyse/discuss research findings or results.
In the next post, we will discuss approaches to conducting a literature review on published and unpublished scholarly materials.