10/09/2025
Coding as Language: Why Literacy in the Digital Era must mean more than screens by Lisa Wingham, Head of Education, ORT SA CAPE
South Africa’s literacy crisis has been rehearsed so often that it risks sounding like background noise. The latest assessments confirm what we already know: too many children struggle to read for meaning by Grade 4. But the digital era adds a new twist. Reading words on a page is no longer enough. Learners must also interpret icons, sequences, and codes — the symbolic languages that shape everything from mobile banking to artificial intelligence. The challenge is not just about catching up; it is about rethinking what literacy means in 2025.
Coding as Language: Why Literacy in the Digital Era must mean more than screens by Lisa Wingham, Head of Education, ORT SA CAPE
South Africa’s literacy crisis has been rehearsed so often that it risks sounding like background noise. The latest assessments confirm what we already know: too many children struggle to read for meaning by Grade 4. But the digital era adds a new twist. Reading words on a page is no longer enough. Learners must also interpret icons, sequences, and codes — the symbolic languages that shape everything from mobile banking to artificial intelligence. The challenge is not just about catching up; it is about rethinking what literacy means in 2025.
Here lies the paradox: while global education systems debate digital literacy, many South African classrooms lack electricity, never mind iPads. If literacy in the digital era is defined by access to devices, the gap between privileged and under-resourced schools will only widen. But what if we stop equating “digital” with “devices”? What if we taught the logic, creativity, and storytelling of coding — without a single screen?
At ORT SA CAPE, that question gave birth to The Dory Code, an unplugged coding programme for early childhood. It uses grids, direction cards, and a mischievous dragon called Dory to help children navigate playful adventures. Every activity is a puzzle, a story, a code to be cracked. Without realising it, learners are practising sequencing, vocabulary, comprehension, and narrative skills — the very bedrock of literacy.
Coding is not just a technical skill. Like language, it is a symbolic system with rules, structures, and infinite expressive possibilities. When children “speak coding,” they are not abandoning literacy; they are expanding it. Research shows that coding enhances narrative skills and executive functioning. In practice, we see children light up when they discover that they can tell a story, solve a problem, and “speak” a new language all at once.
Consider the impact in multilingual classrooms. Where English often dominates, coding introduces a neutral language that every learner can access. It does not erase home languages — it strengthens them by offering another layer of expression. A child guiding Dory through a maze is not just solving a coding challenge; they are constructing a narrative, developing vocabulary, and finding a voice.
International Literacy Day’s 2025 theme, “Promoting Literacy in the Digital Era,” is often read as a call to roll out more tablets. But our work shows that it can mean something else: promoting inclusive forms of literacy that prepare learners for the digital world even in classrooms without Wi-Fi. Literacy in the digital era is not about devices; it is about equipping children with the tools to decode, create, and communicate in multiple symbolic systems.
Later this year, we will share these insights at the 20th Annual Literacy Association of South Africa (LITASA) Conference, under the theme “Amazwi Ethu – Our Voices.” For us, Dory the Dragon is more than a classroom mascot. She represents the idea that every learner — rural or urban, multilingual, or monolingual — deserves the chance to code, tell stories, and find their voice in the digital era.
If South Africa is serious about improving literacy outcomes, we cannot afford to limit ourselves to yesterday’s definitions. Literacy is not frozen in time. It evolves, and so must we. By embracing coding as a language, we can give children not just the ability to read — but the confidence to imagine, to innovate, and to speak with voices that will carry into the future.