I Heart Histo - Histology

🔬🥧 Pumpskin Pie 🥧🔬

An extra slice of histology for the Thanksgiving holiday!

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Pie makes everything better... even histology!

Image shows epidermis and dermis of the skin.

🎶🔬 The Tortured Department of HistoPathology 🔬 🎶

Taylor Swift as Histological Stains, a thread [repost]

You can find love in the strangest of places (Original Version)

i♡histo
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Clockwise, top left to center:

1. In a pancreas

2. In a Pap smear

3. In a thyroid follicle

4. In an a**l ca**l

5. In a lymph node

6. In a parotid gland

7. In a colonic crypt

8. In a bronchiole

9. In a lung carcinoma

Histology from the microscopes of (2, 3, 4, 6), (1), Chiara Ambrogio (8), (7), (5) and João Boto (9)

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Volume 4 =

🏈 Super Bowel Sunday LVIII💩

This football-shaped egg is the spawn of the female whip worm Trichuris trichiura.

They can be found in water contaminated by f***s or in delicious half-time hotdogs 🌭 handled by unsanitary fingers. Once ingested it makes its way into your intestines and after about 3 months will hatch into a worm.

Once mature, the worm burrows her head and mouth parts into the delicate and comfortable mucosa of your intestines to feed. It is here that she will trigger an inflammatory response and causes bouts of abdominal pain with plenty of (sometimes bloody) diarrhea. A disease called trichuriasis.

While she is feeding she dangles her v***a into the lumen of your intestine and has s*x with as many nearby male worms as possible.

Our little parasite now becomes a momma and starts firing out somewhere between 2,000-10,000 of these little eggs…

Per day!

This life of feeding and egg-laying, if left untreated, can last for the lifespan of a roundworm which can be around 5 years… that’s a very busy worm and lots of eggs.

All those eggs get flushed out of your body with your bloody diarrhea and, depending on where you live, ‘touchdown’ in the local water supply or back on that hotdog ready to be ingested once again and the whole process starts over.

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⛄ Smear-sons Greetings⛄

A very seasonal smear made from red marrow extracted from the iliac crest of a pelvis.

Happy Holidays one and all!

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This image, amazingly, captures a single moment in time during the development of thousands of red and white blood cells.

Many of the small cells that are visible, like the ones forming the snowman’s carrot nose, do not have a nucleus. These are brand new erythrocytes (red blood cells) that are ready to exit the bone and enter the blood stream.

The other, slightly larger cells that have nuclei, like the snowman’s eyes and his top button, are either precursors to these erythrocytes (they will mature and lose their nucleus) or are precursors to the other blood cells in our body, the leukocytes (white blood cells): lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils.

In addition, the bone marrow is home to the cells that form platelets. These are huge multinucleated cells aptly named megakaryocytes - perhaps the cell at the bottom right.

It is possible to identify each mature cell and its precursor based upon its morphology and staining at higher magnification. High or low levels of these cells can indicate disease or cancers of the blood

🦇 Bat Mitosis 🦇

Atypical cell division in a leiomyosarcoma in the kidney.

i❤️histo

A leiomyosarcoma cancer of smooth muscle. Smooth muscle cells are found surrounding all the tubes of our bodies. They contract to decrease the size of these tubes which can increase pressure (in the case of blood vessels) or squeeze tube contents (in the case of our intestinal tracts and parts of our urinary tracts). Observation of atypical mitosis in cancerous cells is common as these divisions show an increase in abnormal cell division. The bat shape seen here is due to the abnormal arrangement of chromatin in the cells as it divides.

🍪💦 Cookie Monster Gland 💦🍪

Today's ihearthisto is brought to you by the letter S for Sublingual!

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This is image shows a high magnification view of a slice through a sublingual gland.

The sublingual glands are salivary glands located in the oral cavity on either side of the tongue.

They are exocrine glands which means that the stuff they secrete is released into a duct which flows onto an epithelial lined external surface of the body (in this case the oral cavity). Cookie Monster's mouth is an intralobular duct!
Compare this to endocrine glands which do not have ducts and therefore secrete things directly into enclosed cavities (like blood vessels) or the fluid/tissue immediately surrounding them.

The sublingual gland is a "mixed but mainly mucus gland". This means that it is composed of two types of secretory cells:
- serous cells that produce a watery protein rich secretion (in this case the protein is mainly the enzyme amylase - great for breaking down those carbohydrate rich cookies!
- mucous cells that produce a thick mucus (great for forming those cookies into a mushy swallow-able bolus and for lubricating its passage down the esophagus).

The serous cells appear darker with H&E stain because the enzyme granules in their cytoplasm take up eosin and the rough endoplasmic reticulum that produces these granules stains with hematoxylin.

The mucin with the mucous cells on the other hand does not stain with H&E and you can see the many pale, foamy looking cells in this image - like the two mucous cells forming Cookie Monster's eyes. The majority of cells in this gland are mucous cells.

Occasionally you will see regions where mucous cells and serous cells are neighbors in which case the serous cells form unique half-moon shaped preparation artifacts called 'serous demilunes' - you can spot a few in this image if you look carefully!

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🦴 Evil Ossified Genius 👨‍🔬

A bone with both brains and brawn.

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This image shows the diploë of a flat bone of the skull. The flat bones of your skull are structured like sandwiches having two cortical bony tables either side of a cancellous bony diploë filling.
During preparation for histology, this bone was demineralized to remove the hydroxyapatite crystals that make bone hard leaving behind the softer organic type I collagen and ground substance (proteoglycans) allowing the tissue to be more easily sectioned using a microtome.
It was then stained with a trichrome stain to reveal this diabolic mastermind of remodeling and repair. His eyes are arterioles surrounded by a smooth muscle tunica media and a connective tissue tunica adventitia and located within a space between adjacent bony trabeculae.
His head is lined with an endosteum containing mainly flat endosteal cells (dormant bone cells).
You can also see the many osteocytes trapped in their individual lacunae between bony lamellae in the surrounding bone tissue.

☕️🦴 Coffee Break Conundrum 🦴☕️

It’s !

Can you spot my morning latte among these compact bone-y histological imposters?

Barbie as histology tissues, a🧵:

🇺🇸 Patriotic Pituitary 🇺🇸‬

There's a little Red (acidophils) White (chromophobes) & Blue (basophils) inside all of us!

‪Happy 4th of July everyone!

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The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is the king of the endocrine glands! It is so important that it sits in its own throne on the floor of the skull called the sella turcica where is sends out hormones to control the entire body via the blood stream

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It has two distinct parts:
An anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) which is glandular and colorful and a posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) which is pale and subdued because it is composed of the axons of nerves that reside in the hypothalamus of the brain

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The patriotic adenohypophysis (shown here) constantly flies its red, white and blue flag. Cheering on the organs of the body by sending them signalling molecules

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The red cells are acidophils: they make Growth Hormone (to urge our bodies to grow) and Prolactin (to make sure milk is produced during pregnancy).
The white cells are chromophobes: they don’t have a clearly understood function in the pituitary
The blue cells are basophils: they produce Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH - which excites the secretory cells of the thyroid gland), Follicle Stimulating and Luteinizing Hormone (FSH, LH - these are important in reproductive processes in the body) and Adrenocorticoptrophic Hormone (ACTH - which excites the secretory cells of the adrenal cortex)

🥚 Esoph-egg-us 🥚

✅Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
✅Circumscribing muscularis mucosae
✅Submucosal glands
✅Dual layered muscularis externa

It just isn’t Spring until you have painted your very own Esoph-egg-us

So get cracking and I don’t want to hear any eggscuses

i♡histo
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