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Chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động

Quy tắc trọng âm tóm lược
- danh từ, tính từ 2 âm đánh âm thứ 1
- động từ 2 âm đánh âm thứ 2
- đuôi -ee, - eer, -ese, -ique, -esque, -ain. thì đánh vào chính nó
Ex: ag'ree, volun'teer, Vietna'mese, re'tain, main'tain, u'nique,
- đuôi –ic, -ish, -ical, -sion, -tion, -ance, -ence đánh vào âm thứ 2 từ cuối lên.
- đuôi phy, -ate, –gy, -cy, -ity, -phy, -al -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ dưới lên.
Ex: eco'nomical, de'moracy, tech'nology, ge'ography, pho'tography, in'vestigate, im'mediate,…

13 QUY TẮC TRỌNG ÂM TRONG TIẾNG ANH
QUY TẮC 1: Động từ có 2 âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2
Ex: be'gin, be'come, for'get, en'joy, dis'cover, re'lax, de'ny, re'veal,…
Ngoại lệ: 'answer, 'enter, 'happen, 'offer, 'open…
QUY TẮC 2: Danh từ có 2 âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
Ex: 'children, 'hobby, 'habit, 'labour, 'trouble, 'standard…
Ngoại lệ: ad'vice, ma'chine, mis'take…
QUY TẮC 3: Tính từ có 2 âm tiết -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
Ex: 'basic, 'busy, 'handsome, 'lucky, 'pretty, 'silly…
Ngoại lệ: a'lone, a'mazed, …
QUY TẮC 4: Động từ ghép -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2
Ex: be'come, under'stand,
QUY TẮC 5: Trọng âm rơi vào chính các vần sau: sist, cur, vert, test, tain, tract, vent, self.
Ex: e'vent, sub'tract, pro'test, in'sist, main'tain, my'self, him'self …
QUY TẮC 6: Với những hậu tố sau thì trọng âm rơi vào chính âm tiết chứa nó: -ee, - eer, -ese, -ique, -esque, -ain.
Ex: ag'ree, volun'teer, Vietna'mese, re'tain, main'tain, u'nique, pictu'resque, engi'neer…
Ngoại lệ: com'mittee, 'coffee, em'ployee…
QUY TẮC 7: Các từ có hậu tố là –ic, -ish, -ical, -sion, -tion, -ance, -ence, -idle, -ious, -iar, ience, -id, -eous, -acy, -ian, -ity -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết liền trước.
Ex: eco'nomic, 'foolish, 'entrance, e'normous …
QUY TẮC 8: Hầu như các tiền tố không nhận trọng âm.
Ex: dis'cover, re'ly, re'ply, re'move, des'troy, re'write, im'possible, ex'pert, re'cord, …
Ngoại lệ: 'underpass, 'underlay…
QUY TẮC 9: Danh từ ghép -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
Ex: 'birthday, 'airport, 'bookshop, 'gateway, 'guidebook, 'filmmaker,…
QUY TẮC 10: Tính từ ghép -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
Ex: 'airsick, 'homesick, 'carsick, 'airtight, 'praiseworthy, 'trustworth, 'waterproof, …
Ngoại lệ: duty-'free, snow-'white …
QUY TẮC 11: Các tính từ ghép có thành phần đầu tiên là tính từ hoặc trạng từ, thành phần thứ hai tận cùng là –ed -> trọng âm chính rơi vào thành phần thứ 2.
Ex: ,bad-'tempered, ,short-'sighted, ,ill-'treated, ,well-'done, well-'known…
QUY TẮC 12: Khi thêm các hậu tố sau thì trọng âm chính của từ không thay đổi.
-ment, -ship, -ness, -er/or, -hood, -ing, -en, -ful, -able, -ous, -less
Ex: ag'ree – ag'reement
'meaning – 'meaningless
re'ly – re'liable
'poison – 'poisonous
'happy – 'happiness
re'lation – re'lationship
'neighbour – 'neighbourhood
ex'cite - ex'citing
…
QUY TẮC 13: Những từ có tận cùng là: –graphy, -ate, –gy, -cy, -ity, -phy, -al -> trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ dưới lên.
Ex: eco'nomical, de'moracy, tech'nology, ge'ography, pho'tography, in'vestigate, im'mediate,….

2015 memory :)

hobby : listening to music

SPEAKING TEST g 11
TOPIC HOBBY ( conti..)

SPEAKING TEST g 11
TOPIC HOBBY
Tips for answering this cue card topic:

For this cue card try to talk about a hobby that you have and which is usually interesting. First say the hobby you have, and then give a brief description of this hobby. If this is an uncommon hobby, give little background of this hobby and then say what it involves. For the second question you can either say that you have this hobby from a very long time (from your childhood) or you can say you have recently adopted this hobby. Some hobbies are related to childhood and some hobbies form when people get adults. Mention when you adopted this hobby and give a very brief description how you started it. If this is a hobby that you solely do alone, mention that you do it alone and sometimes you share it with others if they are interested. But if this hobby involves other persons, mention the persons who are involved in it and how they participated on it.
The final question expects you to be able to describe the importance of the hobby you are talking about. Some of the common importance of a particular hobby can be defined as follows:

1. I enjoy doing it and this is something I cherish.
2. This is an educative hobby and because of this hobby I have learned many things that were quite impossible to learn in other ways.
3. I value this hobby and it is something that I enjoy from my heart.
4. The time I spent on this hobby is worthy of it.
5. I have been doing it for a long time and a passion for it has grown inside me.
6. This hobby reminds me my childhood and I particularly enjoy that.
7. I can share this hobby with others and this is a good way enhancing relationship and friendship.
8. I learned it from my father and that’s something I really love.
9. I thing the time I spend on it is better than playing video games.
10. I love doing it and that’s the most important to me.

EX 1 Today I am going to talk about a hobby I particularly enjoy when I am at home in the UK. I will tell you what the hobby is; how long I have been doing it; who I do it with and why it is important to me.

My hobby is running! I know I do not really look like a runner, and it is true I am not very fast, but this is still the activity that I like to do in my spare time.

I have not been running for very long. I started running just 18 months ago, as I decided I needed to get fit, and I thought it would be a cheap way to exercise. I did not expect to enjoy myself. Near to where I live there is a park. It is very beautiful with trees and streams. Each Saturday a large group of about 500 people meet at 9.00 a.m. in the morning, and go for a 5 km run together. This event is called Parkrun, and it happens in over 300 different places in the UK each week. I was nervous when I first went, but found the group was friendly and encouraging. Now I go every week, and I even have trained for some longer races 10 km and my longest was 20 k.m.!

I have made lots of friends through running. However, the best surprise was that when I went to my local Parkrun, I met someone I had not seen for over 30 years! We had been at school together, but did not keep in touch. We had both moved to the new city of Sheffield and did not realise we lived so close to each other. Now I run with this friend every week, and we go for breakfast each Saturday after our run.

Running is important to me because it keeps me fit, has helped me make new friends, and it has shown me that I am not too old to try new things! I hope you all find activities that you enjoy doing in your spare time!

EX 2 )
Blogging is the interest or hobby that I really enjoy and have been doing it very passionately for the last 2-3 years. Blog is basically the short form of 'weblog' and it lets the blogger write on topic s/he likes. It is very similar to a website and the blog posts I write is open for anyone to read using internet. The blogging I am doing is not collaborated with anyone else and I am alone maintaining and updating it.

The blog I am maintaining has lots of importance both for me and for the intended readers. For me, the blog helps me improving my writing skill as it requires lots of content writing, helps me exploring of relevant topics that improves my knowledge and to upload the images I take with my camera. Sometimes I write on how-to and tutorials which are helpful for people looking for it. Sometimes I write on books I read, movies I watch or about new things I learn and that helps me observing those in a different perspective. People can comment on the articles I add and thus I have got many others in my blog who shares similar interest that I have. Thus the importance of my blog immense to me and I maintain my blog with utmost passion and fervor.

For writing blog posts I need to explore different topics and thus this habit helps me increase my knowledge on different topics.

speaking test G 11
topic BEST FRIEND
You should say:
- How often you see the friend
- What you do together
- Where you go
And explain why you like him/her
NOTES
ex : John, my best friend from primary school
During university holidays
We play football, tennis, computer games
To the sports centre, park, cinema
He is nice, friendly and funny

ex 1) I spend a lot of time with my best friend John. I’ve known him since primary school where we were in the same class.
We only see each other during our university holidays because we don’t study in the same city. My university is in London but he lives in Liverpool.
When we are together we always play lots of sports like football and tennis. John loves Manchester United and he is a very good footballer. I prefer tennis but I am not as good as my friend. We also both enjoy playing computer games. Our favourite is probably World of Warcraft which many of my friends play too.
As we live in a small town there aren’t many places to go so we normally hang out at the sports centre or in the big park near my house. We’re both big film buffs so we go to the cinema quite often and we get a student discount.
I really like spending time with John, he’s such a nice person and very friendly. I always have a good time when we are together and he never fails to make me laugh. In fact, I think he’s the funniest person I know.

EX 2)
Jane is my best friend for 20 years. I first met her in kindergarten and we grew up being best friends ever since. We do a lot of things together, and hang out on a regular basis [U2] and pretty much tell each other everything. I don’t remember the last time we fight [U3] since we get along so well. Now, we’re going to the same college and have many mutual friends. What I like about her is that [U4] she’s a very honest person. Whenever I ask her about something, she tells it as it is [U5] even if she knows I hate to hear the truth and I truly appreciate that. Another thing is I know that[U6] I can always count on [U7] her, we’ve been through a lot together[U8] like when I broke up with my boyfriend or when I failed the university entrance exam the first time. She’s always there for me at my worst [U9] and give me all the support that I’ve ever needed. So, yeah, we do have great relationship. My parents also adore her. She’s like a second daughter to them since she’s my age and she’s such a nice person inside and out[U10] . I don’t know a single person who dislikes her.

Sử dụng i hope

lớp 9,10,11,12
[10 TRƯỜNG HỢP DÙNG "THAT" KHÔNG DÙNG "WHICH"]
1. Phía trước là “all, little, much, few, everything, none ” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
Ex: There are few books that you can read in this book store.
(Có một vài cuốn sách mà bạn có thể đọc ở tiệm sách này).
2. Từ được thay thế phía trước vừa có người vừa có vật thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
Ex: He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
(Ông ấy hỏi về những công ty và công nhân mà ông ấy đã đến thăm)
3. Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là tính từ ở cấp so sánh hơn nhất thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
Ex: This is the best novel that I have ever read.
(Đây là cuốn tiểu thuyết hay nhất mà tôi từng đọc).
4. Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là số thứ tự thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
Ex: The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
(Cảnh tượng đầu tiên về Vạn lý trường thành đập vào mắt ông ấy gây được ấn tượng khó quên với ông).
5. Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là “the only, the very, the same, the right” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
Ex: It is the only book that he bought himself.
(Đó là cuốn sách duy nhất mà anh ta đã tự mình mua).
6.Từ được thay thế phía trước có định ngữ là “all, every, any, much, little, few, no” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which”.
Ex: You can take any room that you like.
(Anh có thể lấy bất cứ phòng nào mà anh thích).
- There is no clothes that fit you here.
(Ở đây chẳng có bộ quần áo nào phù hợp với bạn cả).
7. Trong câu hỏi (Mệnh đề chính) mở đầu bằng “which” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which” làm từ nối.
Ex: Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
(Những cuốn sách có tranh ảnh thì đáng đọc đúng không?)
8. Trong câu nhấn mạnh “It is … that …” thì dùng “that” mà không dùng “which” làm từ nối .
Ex: It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.
(Cách đây hai mươi năm chính trong căn phòng này ông ấy đã được sinh ra).
9. Trong câu dùng cấu trúc “such (the same) … as …” dùng từ nối “as” không dùng “which”.
Ex: We need such materials as can bear high temperature.
(Chúng tôi cần những vật liệu có thể chịu được nhiệt độ cao như thế này).
10. Diễn tả ý “giống như…..”dùng từ nối “as” không dùng “which”.
Ex: Mary was late again, as had been expected.