21/10/2017
[2013-2016 West African Ebola outbreak]
On December 26th 2013, a 18-month-old boy named Emile Ouamouno living in Meliandou, Guinea, developed an unusual sickness, the boy showed signs of fever, vomiting and black stools and subsequently died two days later. Soon family members that had taken care of the child experienced similar symptoms, as well as medical staffs and local healers who treated them, all followed by rapid death caused by the mysterious disease. Sickness, deaths, funerals, burials, and cycle repeated itself slowly and lethally across the country. It wasn’t until March 22nd 2014 that the disease was recognized as the Zaire Ebola virus, the most deadly of its family, and a day later, when WHO publicly announced the outbreak, there were already 49 cases and 29 deaths across Guinea. This marked the onset of what now known as the 2013 – 2016 West African Ebola virus Epidemic.
The outbreak started in Guinea and spread to bordering countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone, which became widespread outbreaks, with minor controlled outbreaks in Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, as well as separate cases in the U.S, Spain, U.K and Italy. By the time the WHO terminated the Public Health Emergency of International Concern of the outbreak, it has already infected 28652 people and caused over 11000 deaths. The outbreak was regarded to be the most destructive since its discovery in 1976 causing socioeconomic instability and incredible death toll due to its 70% fatality rate. The symptoms of Ebola were shown 21 days after contraction of the virus, with the initial signs being fatigue, fevers, muscle pains, headaches and sore throats, all of which easily mistaken with the common flu, but then the situation deteriorates quickly: vomit, diarrhea, rash, kidney and liver failure, internal and external hemorrhage, all results in severe dehydration and eventually leads to death. It was during these stages that the body of the victims are most infectious, requiring strict protocols and exercises to prevent further spread of Ebola. Furthermore, there have been cases which Ebola resided within the body of those survived the disease, only to emerge months later and harm people coming in contact with the victim.
The outbreak started in December 2013 with Patience Zero in Guinea, and spread to Liberia in March 2014, gaining a total of 112 cases and 70 deaths. By May 2014, Ebola has reached Sierra Leone, with 383 cases and 211 deaths. By August 2014, the death toll has reached more than 3700 cases and 1800 deaths, forcing the WHO to publicly declared the Ebola Virus Disease a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and releasing a monetary aid of $200 million to combat the epidemic. In October 2014, Thomas Eric Duncan, died of Ebola, making him the first case of EVD in the U.S, and Germany saw its first deaths of Ebola in the country. At the end of 2014 there were over 19000 cases of Ebola and approximately 7500 deaths, and throughout the year 2015, death tolls continued to rise, though positive progress have been made in the war against EVD. Senegal and Nigeria was confirmed Ebola-free in October 2015, followed by Liberia in May 2015 and Sierra Leone in March of 2016. Prior, on January 14th 2016, marking the end of the horrific West Africa Ebola outbreak. The achievements, the casualties, the progress, they are all there, once again warn us that how fragile humanity is, and easy a disease can spiral out of control
Source:
https://ebolaresponse.un.org/timeline
https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/index.html
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/,
Image in the comment section. Source: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/maps/en/
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