22/07/2023
There is/ are
There is/ are biror-bir narsa yoki predmetning biror joyda mavjudaligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi va "bu yerda bor" deb tarjima qilinadi.
! There is birikmasidan keyin sanaladigan birlikdagi ot yoki sanalmaydigan ot ishlatiladi.
There is + CNS/ UN
CNS - Countable noun singular(sanaladigan birlikdagi ot)
UN - Uncountable noun (sanalmaydigan ot)
“There’s a television in the living room.” - Mehmonxonada bitta televizor bor.
“There’s some milk in the fridge.” - Muzlatkichda biroz sut bor.
! There are dan keyin sanaladigan ko'plikdagi ot ishlatiladi.
There are + CNP
CNP - Countable noun plural (sanaladigan ko'plikdagi ot)
“There are five people in the office.” - Ofisda 5 odam bor.
Some olmoshi
Biz some olmoshini otlarning aniq miqdorini bilmaganimizda ishlatamiz. Some olmoshi sanaldigan otlar bir ishlatilganida "bir qancha" ma'nosida yoki sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatilganida "biroz" ma'nosida keladi.
“There are five people in the office.” - Ofisda 5 odam bor (aniq 5 odam borligini bilamiz)
“There are some people in the office.” - Ofisda bir qancha odamlar bor. (aniq miqdorni bilmaymiz )
“There’s some money in my wallet.”- Mening hamyonimda biroz pul mavjud.
!Some olmoshi sanaladigan birlikdagi otlar bilan qo'llanmaydi.
Inkor shakli
Inkor shakli 2 xil usulda yasaladi:
To be fe'lidan keyin not inkor yuklamasini qo'shish orqali yasaldi, shuningdek sanaladigan ko'plikdagi otlar va sanalmaydiga otlar oldidan any olmoshi ham ishlatiladi.
There is/are + not + any + CNS/UN
“There isn’t any money in my wallet.” - Hamyonimda pul yo'q.
There aren’t any students in the classroom. - Sinfda birorta o'quvchi yo'q.
! Sanaladigan birlikdagi otlar oldidan any olmoshi qo'llanilmaydi, balki a/an artikli ishlatiladi.
“There isn’t a single biscuit left in the packet.” - paketda bitta ham pecheniye qolmabdi.
“There isn’t a freezer in the kitchen.” - Oshxonada muzlatkich yo'q.
2. There is/are birikmasidan keyin no inkor olmoshini qo'llash orqali yasaladi. No olmoshi sanaladigan birlik va ko'plikdagi otlar va sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ham ishlatiladi.
There is/are + no + CNS/CNP/UN
“There is no freezer in the kitchen.” - Oshxonada muzlatkich yo'q.
“There are no students in the classroom.” - Sinfxonada birorta ham o'quvchi yo'q.
“There’s no coffee left.” - Umuman kofe qolmagan.
So'roq shakli
So'roq shakli to be fe'lini there so'zidan oldinga qo'yish orqali hosil qilinadi.
Is there + a/an + CNS ....?
“Is there a cafe near your house?” - Sizning uyingiz yonida kafe bormi ?
Is there + any + UN ....?
“Is there any time to go shopping?” - Xarid qilishga vaqtingiz bormi ?
Are there + any + CNS ....?
“Are there any trains to London this morning?” - Bugun ertalab Londonga birorta poyezd bormi ?
Qisqa javoblar
Is there a book on the table ? Yes, there is/No, there isn't
- Stol ustida kitob bormi ? Ha, bor/ Yo'q, yo'q(mavjud emas)
Yes, there is. / No there isn’t.
Yes there are. / No there aren’t.
