08/20/2022
Woman question:
Marxists called the social position of female humanity and their historic inequality “The Woman Question.” Woman’s inequality grew out of and was constructed based on two intertwining divisions of labor, spontaneous and social. Spontaneous division of labor is the categorical roles played by male and female in human reproduction, while social is the division of tasks in society production and distribution of things.
As society grew, social functions and wealth creation shifted outside the household, while . women’s role as child bearers limited her role in activity outside the household. Women as a category became more isolated and divorced from wealth creation, administration and authority in society, as compared with males.
(Quote)
The first division of labor is that between man and woman for the propagation of children.’ And today I can add: The first-class opposition that appears in history coincides with the development of the antagonism between man and woman in monogamous marriage, and the first-class oppression coincides with that of the female s*x by the male. Monogamous marriage was a great historical step forward; nevertheless, together with slavery and private wealth, it opens the period that has lasted until today in which every step forward is also relatively a step backward, in which prosperity and development for some is won through the misery and frustration of others.
(F. Engels, Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, 1884; bold added.)
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/ch02d.htm
This is the historic, patriarchal division of labor within the family, between husband and wife, which to a large degree remains in place through the architecture of male supremacy. The role of women in society changes with qualitative changes in the means of production. Final emancipation rests upon the elimination of the social-division-of-labor that once assigned them to “children, kitchen, church and workmate.”
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The emancipation of women is the emancipation of the proletariat and destruction of the ability of any section of society to appropriate the unpaid labor of anyone.
(See, Emancipation of women, Feminism.)
Origins of the Family: Chapter 2 (IV)