03/27/2023
SHE PAVED THE WAY
Marjorie Stewart Joyner
As the creator of the Permanent Wave Machine, Marjorie Stewart Joyner will go down in cosmetology history as a significant figure. Together with Mary Bethune McLeod, she co-founded the United Beauty School Owners and Teachers Association in 1945 and contributed to Illinois's first cosmetology laws. Joyner was also involved in the African American community, supporting black colleges and fighting racial prejudice alongside First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.
On October 24, 1896, Joyner was born in Monterey, Virginia. She was the granddaughter of a white slave owner and an enslaved Black woman. She was a very underprivileged child who moved to Chicago in 1912 at the age of sixteen and enrolled in the A.B. Molar Beauty School. The first Black American to graduate from that college in 1916.
Joyner developed and patented her well-known device, the Permanent Wave Machine, in 1928. It was a new way to curl hair that lasted for days. The pins Joyner used to cook pot roast that heated the meat from the inside served as the inspiration for the invention. Her innovation consisted of 16 rods connected to an electric cord inside of a drying hood. To set in the curls, a customer would spend a certain amount of time sitting in the hood for the best results. Later, she also created a scalp protector to lessen the discomfort. Despite the popularity of her invention among black and white women, Joyner never saw any profit from the invention as the rights were owned by Madam C.J. Walker’s company.
Joyner trained almost 15,000 hairdressers during the course of her 50-year career. A display exhibiting Joyner's creation and a copy of her original salon debuted at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington in 1987. At the age of 77, she achieved a lifetime goal by graduating from Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, Florida, with a bachelor's degree in psychology.