07/15/2026
Rhythm vs Tempo
(Yes, students nothing new, you have heard this from me also. 😀)
In the German training pyramid, a pure rhythm and a steady tempo form the foundation of gymnastic training. Rhythm can be defined as the footfall sequence of the natural gaits. The walk has 4 individual footfalls per stride, which is why it is traditionally referred to as a 4-beat rhythm. The trot has 2 individual footfalls per stride that are separated by a suspension phase, which is why it is traditionally referred to as a 2-beat rhythm, and the canter has 3 individual footfalls per stride, with a suspension phase at the end, which is why it is traditionally referred to as a 3-beat rhythm. Disturbances of the rhythm are always a sign of a loss of balance as well as stiffness in the horse’s back and rib cage. In addition, the hindquarters, neck, and poll are usually affected by this stiffness as well.
Tempo can be defined as the speed of the footfalls and can be measured in beats-per-minute (bpm), just like in music.
A steady tempo is tied to the horse’s longitudinal balance. If the horse speeds up and slows down at will, he is unbalanced and fluctuates between rushing and sucking back. Speeding up generally means that the horse has fallen onto the forehand.
Different gaits, turns, and movements require different amounts of strength or effort, and some horses have a tendency to slow down when the work is getting harder and to speed up when it’s getting easier again. E.g. small turns like corners and voltes require a bigger effort than straight lines, which is why some horses slow down in corners and speed up on the long side.
A shoulder-in is more work than going straight on a single track, which is why some horses will slow down when you start the shoulder-in, and they speed up when you go straight again.
Half passes require more strength than a shoulder-in. Consequently some horses may slow down if you transition from a shoulder-in to a half pass, and they speed up when the half pass is over.
Some horses slow down when you transition from rising trot to sitting trot, and they speed up when you transition from sitting to rising trot. This is often caused by the rider’s seat that restricts the movement of the horse’s back.
It is important that we pay attention to the tempo during these transitions between straight lines and curved lines, single track and lateral movements, between different lateral movements, and between sitting and rising trot. Otherwise, the horse will not be able to balance himself, he won’t be able to use his back properly, and he won’t be truly permeable for the rider’s aids.