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hiStories.fyi, Selma, AL (2026)

03/22/2024

(1/2) in 1965, the Selma to Montgomery March took place in Alabama.

Following the death of Jimmie Lee Jackson, 26, at the hands of a state trooper during a demonstration that had taken place on February 18, civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King Jr., John Lewis, and Hosea Williams, organized a series of marches from Selma to Montgomery intended to be peaceful, non-violent protests. The first was held on March 7, a day that would infamously be dubbed “Bloody Sunday” as peaceful protesters were met by state troopers, who attacked them with tear gas and billy clubs as they attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama.

In response to the violence, King and other leaders called for a second march to take place on March 9. This march, however, was also met with resistance from law enforcement, who had orders from Governor George Wallace, a staunch supporter of racial segregation, to prevent it from taking place. In spite of the resistance, the activists refused to give up their cause and continued to organize and plan for a new march, which became known as “Turnaround Tuesday.” On March 9, the activists set out on the same route from Selma to Montgomery, but this time they stopped at the Edmund Pettus Bridge and knelt in prayer, before turning back.

03/21/2024

in 2019, the Walt Disney Company acquired 21st Century Fox.

The deal involved Disney acquiring the film and television assets of 21st Century Fox, including the 20th Century Fox film studio, the Fox television network, and various cable channels, including FX and National Geographic. The deal did not include certain assets, such as Fox News, Fox Sports, and the Fox broadcast network, which were spun off into a new company called Fox Corporation.

The acquisition gave Disney access to a vast library of popular film and TV franchises, including the X-Men, Avatar, and The Simpsons. It also allowed Disney to expand its streaming services, as it gained control of Hulu, which had been jointly owned by Disney, Fox, Comcast, and Time Warner. The acquisition was seen as a major move by Disney to strengthen its position in the entertainment industry, as it sought to compete with other major players like Netflix, Amazon, and AT&T. The deal also had a significant impact on the job market, as thousands of employees of 21st Century Fox were integrated into Disney’s workforce.

However, it was not at all without controversy. Critics raised concerns about the consolidation of media power in the hands of a few large corporations and the potential impact on diversity and competition in the industry. Despite these concerns, the acquisition was ultimately approved by regulators, and Disney was able to purchase 21st Century Fox for an astounding $71.3 billion, making it one of the largest and most impactful media deals in the entertainment industry’s history.

03/20/2024

in 2003, the United States began its attack and invasion of Iraq, starting the Iraq War.

The Iraq War was deeply rooted in the post-9/11 geopolitical landscape and the United States’ pursuit of combating terrorism. Central to the conflict were allegations regarding Saddam Hussein’s possession of weapons of mass destruction. The Bush administration argued that Saddam’s regime posed an imminent threat, citing intelligence reports that suggested Iraq was actively developing and stockpiling chemical, biological, and possibly nuclear weapons. These allegations provided the justification for military action against Iraq despite significant international skepticism and opposition.

Following diplomatic efforts to disarm Iraq, ultimatums were issued to Saddam’s regime to cooperate fully or face severe consequences. These were largely ignored by the Iraqi government, exacerbating tensions and paving the way for the invasion. On March 19, 2003, a US-led coalition launched Operation Iraqi Freedom, initiating a large-scale military campaign aimed at toppling Saddam’s regime and dismantling its alleged WMD capabilities. The invasion marked the beginning of a prolonged and contentious conflict that would shape the region’s dynamics for years to come.

The Iraq War unfolded into a protracted and complex conflict. While the initial phase saw the rapid overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the subsequent occupation faced significant challenges, including a resilient insurgency, sectarian tensions, and a lack of post-war planning. The war resulted in significant human and economic costs, with hundreds of thousands of Iraqi civilians killed, widespread displacement, and the destabilization of the region. Moreover, the failure to find conclusive evidence of WMDs undermined the credibility of the initial justifications for the war, sparking debates about the legitimacy of the invasion and its long-term consequences, including the rise of extremist groups like ISIS and the enduring instability in Iraq and the wider Middle East.

03/19/2024

in 2017, rock ‘n’ roll pioneer and music legend Chuck Berry died at the age of 90.

Chuck Berry was born on October 18, 1926 in St. Louis, Missouri. Berry had a tumultuous upbringing marked by poverty and a string of minor criminal offenses. Despite these challenges, Berry’s passion for music ignited early on, and he learned to play the guitar with fervor. In the early 1950s, Berry began performing in local clubs, developing his distinctive style blending rhythm and blues with country influences. His early career struggles eventually gave way to opportunities when he caught the attention of blues legend Muddy Waters and landed a recording contract with Chess Records in 1955.

Berry’s ascent to fame was meteoric, with hits like Maybellene (1955), Roll Over Beethoven (1956), and Johnny B. Goode (1958) propelling him to the forefront of the burgeoning rock ‘n’ roll movement. His electrifying stage presence, innovative guitar solos, and charismatic persona captivated audiences worldwide. Berry’s pioneering role in shaping the sound and attitude of rock ‘n’ roll cannot be overstated; he bridged racial divides and introduced a new generation to the raw energy and rebellion of the genre. His influence extended beyond music, impacting fashion, dance, and youth culture of the time.

On March 18, 2017, Chuck Berry passed away at the age of 90, leaving behind a monumental legacy. Despite controversies and legal troubles throughout his life, Berry’s contributions to music endure, earning him accolades such as a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the very first induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. His songs continue to be covered by artists of all genres, and his distinctive guitar licks remain a staple of rock ‘n’ roll.

03/18/2024

in 1919, American jazz icon Nat King Cole was born.

Nat King Cole, born Nathaniel Adams Coles on March 17, 1919, in Montgomery, Alabama, was raised in Chicago where he learned to play the piano from his mother at a young age. Coming from a musical family, he began performing in jazz clubs as a teenager. In 1937, he formed the Nat King Cole Trio, which gained popularity for its unique blend of jazz and swing. Cole’s smooth voice and impeccable piano skills set him apart, paving the way for his early success.

In 1943, Nat King Cole scored his breakthrough with the hit song Straighten Up and Fly Right, propelling him to stardom. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, Cole became one of the most successful and beloved musicians of his time, with hits like Nature Boy, Mona Lisa, and Unforgettable. His velvety voice and elegant style captivated audiences worldwide, earning him numerous accolades including Grammy Awards and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Cole’s crossover appeal also made him a trailblazer for black artists in the mainstream music industry.

On February 15, 1965, Nat King Cole tragically passed away from lung cancer at the age of 45. His death came as a shock to his fans and the music community alike. Despite facing discrimination and adversity throughout his career, Cole’s legacy endures as one of the greatest voices in American music history. He broke down racial barriers and inspired generations of musicians with his talent and grace. Today, Nat King Cole’s timeless recordings continue to enchant audiences, ensuring that his influence will be felt for years to come.

03/17/2024

in 2001, Christopher Nolan’s Memento was released in theaters.

Memento is a psychological thriller released on March 16, 2001, directed by Christopher Nolan and based on a short story by his brother, Jonathan Nolan. The film follows Leonard Shelby, portrayed by Guy Pearce, who suffers from short-term memory loss after a traumatic incident. Leonard is on a quest to find the man who r***d and murdered his wife. Alongside Pearce, the cast includes Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano, and Mark Boone Junior.

What sets Memento apart is its unique narrative structure. The story is told in reverse chronological order, with scenes alternating between black-and-white sequences moving backward in time and color sequences moving forward. This narrative device puts the audience in Leonard’s shoes, experiencing the confusion and disorientation of his memory loss. The film challenges viewers to piece together the fragmented story alongside the protagonist, creating a compelling and immersive viewing experience.

Despite its unconventional storytelling, Memento was well-received by critics and audiences alike. It garnered widespread acclaim for its originality, suspenseful atmosphere, and innovative narrative technique. The film achieved modest success at the box office, earning over $39 million worldwide against its $9 million budget. Over the years, Memento has attained cult status and is regarded as one of Nolan’s early masterpieces, influencing a generation of filmmakers and leaving a lasting legacy in the realm of independent cinema.

03/16/2024

in 2019, a domestic terrorist carried out two consecutive mass shootings at mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand.

On March 15, 2019, a terrorist attack unfolded in Christchurch, New Zealand, targeting two mosques during Friday prayers. [Name Redacted] an Australian extremist, carried out the attacks, live-streaming the horrific events on social media. The shootings resulted in the deaths of 51 people and left dozens more injured. The victims, hailing from various countries, included men, women, and children who had gathered for worship. The attacks sent shockwaves across New Zealand and the world, highlighting the growing threat of far-right extremism and Islamophobia.

In response to the Christchurch mosque shootings, both local and global communities rallied in support of the victims and their families. New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern swiftly condemned the attacks, emphasizing unity and solidarity. Vigils, marches, and memorials were held around the world to mourn the lives lost and stand against hate and bigotry. Governments and organizations implemented measures to address online extremism and promote social cohesion, recognizing the urgent need to combat radicalization and promote tolerance.

Following the apprehension of the suspect, New Zealand pursued justice through a trial that drew global attention. In August 2020, he pleaded guilty to 51 counts of murder, 40 counts of attempted murder, and one count of terrorism. He received a historic sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, marking the first time such a sentence had been handed down in New Zealand. The massacre spurred significant changes in New Zealand’s gun laws, with the government swiftly enacting reforms to restrict access to semi-automatic weapons and improve firearm registration processes, aiming to prevent future tragedies.

03/15/2024

in 1995, Tupac Shakur released his third studio album, Me Against the World.

The album was recorded during Shakur’s incarceration in New York’s Clinton Correctional Facility. The album’s themes revolve around his struggles with poverty, racism, and violence, as well as his relationship with his mother.

The album features collaborations with artists such as Snoop Dogg, Nate Dogg, and Outlawz, as well as production by several notable producers, including Easy Mo Bee, Tony Pizarro, and Johnny J. The album’s lead single, Dear Mama, is one of Shakur’s most well-known and beloved songs, and is a tribute to his mother Afeni Shakur, who raised him and his sister as a single mother.

Me Against the World was a critical and commercial success, debuting at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and selling over three million copies in the United States alone. The album was praised for its introspective and vulnerable lyrics, as well as its diverse range of styles, from socially conscious tracks like If I Die 2Nite to more aggressive songs like F**k the World.

Despite its success, Me Against the World is also notable for the circumstances of its release, as Shakur was in prison at the time and was dealing with a number of personal and legal issues. The album is considered by many to be one of his best works, and has had a lasting impact on hip hop and popular culture.

03/14/2024

in 2020, Breonna Taylor was murdered by police officers in Louisville, Kentucky.

On March 13, 2020, a 26-year-old black woman named Breonna Taylor lost her life when police officers forcefully entered her apartment in Louisville, Kentucky as part of a drug investigation. Taylor’s boyfriend, Kenneth Walker, fired a warning shot as the officers entered, believing they were intruders. This prompted a hail of bullets from the officers, and Breonna Taylor was struck six times. She died at the scene.

In the wake of the chaos, a highly publicized investigation was carried out. The officers involved claimed to have announced themselves, but Walker disputed this. Walker himself was charged with assault and attempted murder, but these charges were later dismissed. Six months after the shooting, the city of Louisville agreed to pay Taylor’s family $12 million in a settlement, and pledged police reform.

Officer Brett Hankison was fired for indiscriminately firing into Taylor’s apartment, while Officer Myles Cosgrove was dismissed in 2021 after it was confirmed that he had fired the fatal shot. Hankison was indicted on wanton endangerment charges related to endangering Taylor’s neighbors with his shots. Jurors later revealed that no homicide charges were presented, with some jurors accusing state and local officials of orchestrating a coverup. Hankinson was acquitted of the endangerment charges in March 2022.

In August 2023, the Department of Justice charged Hankison with violating Taylor’s civil rights through excessive force. His federal trial ended in a mistrial in November 2023, but a retrial is scheduled for October 2024. Three other officers also received federal charges, specifically conspiracy and obstruction of justice, for misleading the judge who approved the search warrant and attempting to cover it up. One of the three pleaded guilty in August 2022, but her sentencing is still pending; the remaining two alleged conspirators are still awaiting trial.

03/13/2024

in 1987, the Broadway production of Les Misérables premiered at the Broadway Theatre in New York City.

The musical is based on the novel of the same name by Victor Hugo and features music by Claude-Michel Schönberg and lyrics by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel, with an English-language adaptation by Herbert Kretzmer. The production was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and directed by Trevor Nunn and John Caird, with musical staging by Bob Avian and John Napier serving as both set and costume designer. The original cast included Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, Terrence Mann as Javert, Randy Graff as Fantine, and Frances Ruffelle as Eponine.

Les Misérables was a critical and commercial success, receiving numerous awards and accolades, including eight Tony Awards such as Best Musical, and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical. The show ran for over 6,600 performances on Broadway, making it the third-longest-running show in Broadway history at the time of its closing in 2003.
The musical has since been produced and performed all over the world, and its songs and characters have become iconic in popular culture.

03/12/2024

in 2011, the a magnitude 9.0 earthquake that was followed by a tsunami devastated Japan and led to the largest nuclear disaster since Chernobyl.

The 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake, also known as the Great East Japan Earthquake, struck off the coast of Japan on March 11, 2011. With a magnitude of 9.0, it was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping began. The earthquake triggered powerful tremors felt across the country, causing extensive damage to buildings, infrastructure, and roads. In addition to the immediate destruction, the earthquake also led to fires, landslides, and power outages, exacerbating the chaos and hindering rescue efforts.

Following the earthquake, a massive tsunami inundated the northeastern coast of Japan, reaching heights of over 40 meters (130 feet) in some areas. The tsunami waves swept away entire communities, destroying buildings, homes, and livelihoods. Coastal cities and towns were particularly hard hit, with thousands of lives lost and countless others displaced. The devastation caused by the tsunami was immense, leaving behind a trail of destruction and despair that would take years to recover from.

In the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami, Japan faced another crisis with the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The tsunami engulfed the plant, causing meltdowns in three of its reactors and releasing radioactive materials into the environment. The nuclear disaster forced the evacuation of thousands of residents in the surrounding areas and raised concerns about the long-term health and environmental consequences. The 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami left a profound impact on Japan, claiming nearly 20,000 lives and accounting for approximately $360 billion in economic damage.

03/11/2024

in 1983, the music video for Michael Jackson’s Billie Jean premiered on MTV.

The music video for Michael Jackson’s Billie Jean is a seminal piece in the history of music videos that revolves around Jackson’s encounter with a mysterious woman named Billie Jean, who claims he is the father of her child. Shot in Los Angeles, the video features Jackson performing intricate dance moves on a sidewalk, illuminated by squares of light, creating a visually striking effect. The crew included Steve Barron as director, along with a team of choreographers and technicians who brought Jackson’s vision to life.

Despite its groundbreaking visuals and Jackson’s star power, the Billie Jean music video initially faced resistance from MTV. At the time, MTV had been criticized for not airing videos by black artists, but Jackson’s massive success couldn’t be ignored. Still, there were concerns about whether the video would fit MTV’s format, as its branding was more rock-centric. After persistent efforts by Jackson’s record label and the increasing demand from fans, MTV finally aired the video on March 10, 1983, marking a significant turning point in the channel’s programming and opening doors for more diverse representation in music videos.

The video instantly became a cultural phenomenon, with its innovative visuals and Jackson’s mesmerizing performance captivating audiences. The video’s success not only propelled the song to the top of the charts but also solidified Jackson’s status as a groundbreaking artist. Its impact on music videos was immense, inspiring countless artists to experiment with storytelling and visual effects. The legacy of the Billie Jean music video endures to this day as a timeless masterpiece in the history of pop culture.

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