English for everyone Dz

فقرة اخرى خاصة بالوحدة الأولى(الحضارات القديمة) . سنة ثالثة اداب و فلسفة / اداب و لغات اجنبية
Ancient civilizations, like the Sumerian or Egyptian ones, achieved remarkable progress in science, architecture, and law. However, despite their greatness, they all eventually faced a decline.
​Firstly, the rise of these civilizations was often due to their location near rivers and fertile lands. This allowed them to develop agriculture, trade with neighbors, and build strong organized societies.
​Moreover, internal factors often led to their collapse. Moral corruption, political instability, and heavy taxes weakened the social structure and caused people to lose trust in their leaders.
​In addition, external threats played a major role. Frequent wars and invasions by foreign tribes, along with natural disasters like droughts or epidemics, often pushed these great empires toward their end.
​Therefore, we should study history to learn from the mistakes of the past. By understanding how old civilizations fell, modern societies can better protect their own stability and ensure lasting prosperity.

فقرة تتحدث عن التقليد(موضوع تابع للوحدة الثانية) خاصة بسنة ثالثة ثانوي للشعب الأدبية و العلمية

Counterfeiting has become a widespread problem in the global economy. It involves producing fake goods that look like original brands, which negatively affects both consumers and the economy.
​Firstly, counterfeit products pose a serious threat to public health and safety. Fake medicines, electronics, and car parts are often made with low-quality materials that can cause accidents or illnesses.
​Moreover, it has a negative impact on the economy. Counterfeiting leads to huge financial losses for legitimate companies and causes governments to lose tax revenue, which could have been used for public services.
​In addition, this illegal activity is often linked to organized crime and unethical labor practices. By buying fake goods, consumers are indirectly supporting child labor and unfair working conditions.
​Thus, it is necessary to fight this phenomenon by raising awareness and choosing original products. Governments must also enforce strict laws to protect intellectual property and ensure a fair market for everyone.

Some of written expression samples Unit 3 (education) & Unit 2 ethics in Business.

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Too much

Why??

Insolvency — عدم القدرة على السداد / عجز مالي
Bankrupt — مُفلس
Insolvent — عاجز عن الدفع / غير قادر على تسديد الديون
Liquidation — تصفية مالية / بيع الأصول
Foreclosure — حجز عقاري بسبب عدم السداد
Default — تخلف عن السداد
Debt crisis — أزمة ديون
Financial collapse — انهيار مالي
Cash shortage — نقص نقدي
Overdue payments — مدفوعات متأخرة
Delinquent account — حساب متعثر
Write-off — شطب الديون / شطب خسائر
Bailout — إنقاذ مالي (بالتدخل)
Receivership — وضع الشركة تحت إدارة قضائية
Debt restructuring — إعادة هيكلة الديون
Financial ruin — تدمير مالي / خراب
Economic hardship — ضائقة اقتصادية
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For 3rd year students