Jenny-Pig's School for English Proficiency

𝘼𝙩𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙖! 𝙃𝙤𝙩 🔥 𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙖! 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙞𝙩𝙮 🏙️ 𝙞𝙣 𝙖 𝙁𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩 🌲🌳🌳🍃🌲

Dear Renowned Students,
Welcome to Atlanta! Atlanta is the capital of the State of Georgia and the most populous city in the state. The Hartsfield- Jackson International Airport (ATL) is one of the United States’ hub airports. At least 18 Fortune 500 Companies call Atlanta home, including Coca-Cola 🥤, United Parcel Service 📦, Delta Airlines ✈️, Home Depot 🪛, Southern Company ⚡, Genuine Parts ⚙️, and Norfolk Southern 🚂. Atlanta is very involved in major league sports. Men's teams include the Atlanta Braves in baseball ⚾, the Atlanta Hawks 🪶 in basketball 🏀, the Atlanta Falcons 🪶 in football 🏈, and the United FC in soccer ⚽. Women's teams include the Atlanta Dream in basketball 🏀. There is also a women's football team 🏈 called Atlanta Truth, a volleyball 🏐 team called LOVB Atlanta, and an upcoming soccer ⚽ team. With a population of over 500,000, Atlanta has many other cultural and entertainment options. There is the MLK National Historic Site, the Atlanta History Center, the Fox 🦊 Theatre 🎭, the World of Coca-Cola, and the Atlanta Beltline, which is a multipurpose trail.

It's time for lesson B286. The subject of a sentence should always be in subjective form: I, we, he, she, they, you. Alas, many people struggle with this and use other verb forms. When our authors put such words into the mouths 🫦👄 of their characters, they may do so to portray those characters as less sophisticated or less educated.

1. “One day, while Silas, Jason, Porcius, 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳, and a brutish Syrian were deep underground, a guard walked past and struck the Syrian with a whip that left a welt across his shaven head.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: The highlighted word is a subject of the sentence.
Rewrite: One day, while Silas, Jason, Porcius, 𝗮 𝗯𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜 were deep underground…

2. “It seemed to me that our families were to be settled there while 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 and the men were away for a short while.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: The highlighted word is a subject of the clause.
Rewrite: …while 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜 were away for a short while.

3. “Our mama cooked pies 🥧 the envy of the county, James, so much so that 𝘂𝘀 children sometimes had to scramble to get a slice.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: The speaker is talking to a man named James. The highlighted word is the subject of the clause.
Rewrite: Our mama cooked pies 🥧 the envy of the county, James, so much so that 𝘄𝗲 children sometimes had to scramble to get a slice.

4. “Charles, Ester, Sally, and 𝗺𝗲 resumed our route.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: The highlighted word is a subject of the sentence.
Rewrite: Charles, Ester, Sally, and 𝗜 resumed our route.

5. “𝗛𝗶𝗺 and Lauren got into some kind of argument back in the day.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: The highlighted word is a subject of the sentence.
Rewrite: 𝗛𝗲 and Lauren got into some kind of argument back in the day.

6. “𝗠𝘆𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 and the fellas were in 😲 shock; we had been with him only a matter of days ago.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: The highlighted word is a subject of the sentence.
Rewrite: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜 were in 😲 shock; we had been with him only a matter of days ago.

7. “Amelia and Simon were there, as were 𝗺𝗲 and my family.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: The highlighted word is a subject of the sentence.
Rewrite: Amelia and Simon were there, as were 𝗺𝘆 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜.”

8. “𝗠𝗲 and Brandy, we were supposed to go to Russia this summer.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: The highlighted word is a subject of the sentence. There is no need for the word 𝘸𝘦, even as a means to provide emphasis. This sounds like the speaker is crying 😭 and gasping to get the words out; that may have been the case.
Rewrite: 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜 were supposed to go to Russia this summer.”



Atlanta sits in the foothills of the Appalachians. It has rolling hills and lush greenery. It has the densest urban tree 🌲 🌳🍃🌳 coverage of any major city in the U.S. Hence, it's moniker, 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘪𝘯 𝘢 𝘍𝘰𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘵.

𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙂𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙋𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙈𝙖𝙮 🚢

Dear Remarkable Students,
The SS Princess May was a steamship 🚢 that regularly transported passengers and cargo along the 𝘗𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦 𝘕𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘩𝘸𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘗𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘨𝘦, an 800-mile route between Vancouver, British Columbia, and Skagway, Alaska. The ship 🚢 was 249 feet long and 33 feet wide, with a gross tonnage of 1,717. On August 5, 1910, the Princess May left Skagway in heavy fog 🌫️ carrying 80 passengers, 68 crew 🧑‍✈️, mail 💌📦, and gold bullion🏅. It was traveling through the Lynn Canal near Sentinel Island at about 10 knots, or about 19 mph. The ship’s high tide momentum thrust it onto rocks 🛘 at the north ⬆️ end of the Island at a 23-degree angle. The engine room flooded, cutting the ship’s main power. Using a battery 🪫 from a lamp 🔦, the wireless operator sent the message: SS PRINCESS MAY SINKING SENTINEL ISLAND: SEND HELP. The ship 🚢 ⚓ did not sink, but remained perched on the rocks. All people aboard were saved and taken to the lighthouse on Sentinel Island. The ship was pulled off the rocks 🛘 a month later, repaired, and put back into service for another nine years.

It's time for lesson B285. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐷 will discuss improperly ending sentences with prepositions. In each of these cases, you will see that the preposition at the end of the sentence can be eliminated; it serves no purpose. It is not part of a verbal phrase.

1. “I don't know where my brain’s 🧠 𝗮𝘁.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: I don't know where my 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗶𝘀.
Note 1: 𝘉𝘳𝘢𝘪𝘯'𝘴 is changed to 𝘣𝘳𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘴 because one would not end a sentence with this contraction. One needs to emphasize 𝘪𝘴 rather than 𝘣𝘳𝘢𝘪𝘯 🧠 and cannot do so in the contracted form.
Note 2: Contractions, as opposed to the possessive form, are a written recording of imperfect speech 💬. A contraction should not be used in other than casual speech and writing. An unconventional contraction such as brain’s should certainly not be used formally.

2. “D’Artagnan had run, sword ⚔️ in hand, but had found nobody resembling the man he sought 𝗳𝗼𝗿.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: D’Artagnan had run, sword in hand, but had found nobody resembling the man he sought.

3. “I'll text George and let him know where I'm 𝗮𝘁.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: I'll text George and let him know where 𝗜 𝗮𝗺.
Note: 𝘐'𝘮 is changed to 𝘐 𝘢𝘮 because one would not end a sentence with this contraction. One needs to put the emphasis on 𝘢𝘮 rather than 𝘐 and cannot do so in the contracted form.

4. “It was of the Orient 🦪, that I was certain 𝗼𝗳.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: It was of the Orient, that I was certain.

5. “Dare I ask where you got that 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺?”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Dare I ask where you got that?

6. “Five years later, and there had been very little adventure outside of eating dinner 🍽️ at whatever airport her plane landed 𝗮𝘁.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Five years later, and there had been very little adventure outside of eating dinner 🍽️ at whatever airport her plane landed.

7. “Can I be so lucky 🍀🪎🤞🎰 as to find what everybody is seeking 𝗳𝗼𝗿?”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Can I be so lucky as to find what everybody is seeking?

8. “Maggie looked helplessly around the room for anything she might use to defend herself 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Maggie looked helplessly around the room for anything she might use to defend herself.

9. “Was that too much for any man to ask 𝗳𝗼𝗿?”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Was that too much for any man to ask?

10. “But either way, we know where they're 𝗮𝘁.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: But either way, we know where 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗮𝗿𝗲.
Note: 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘺'𝘳𝘦 is changed to 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘢𝘳𝘦 because one would not end a sentence with this contraction. One needs to emphasize 𝘢𝘳𝘦 rather than 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘺 and cannot do so in the contracted form.

11. “Poison-tipped arrows 🏹 were something I did not approve 𝗼𝗳.”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Poison-tipped arrows 🏹 𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲 something I did not approve.”
Note: The subject 𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘰𝘸𝘴 is plural, so the verb 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 must be plural.

12. “Whom do you seek 🦮 here, or should I say to whom do you wish to report my activities 𝘁𝗼?”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Whom do you seek here, or should I say to whom do you wish to report my activities?”
Note: If the word 𝘵𝘰 had not followed 𝘐 𝘴𝘢𝘺 in the sentence, then the word 𝘵𝘰 at the end of the sentence would not have been superfluous.

13. “Each hut had an awning and a window 🪟 slide from where to fire 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺?”
Jenny-Pig's 🐷 rewrite: Each hut had an awning and a window 🪟 slide from where to fire?” 🔫



The SS Princess May was a ship 🚢
wreck/grounding with a relatively good outcome. Still, it was a harrowing experience for those on board!

𝒀𝙚𝒔, 𝙏𝒉𝙖𝒕'𝒔 𝑹𝙞𝒈𝙝𝒕 𝑼𝙥 𝙈𝒚 𝑨𝙡𝒍𝙞𝒈𝙖𝒕𝙤𝒓 🐊🐊 𝘼𝒍𝙡𝒆𝙮!

Dear Reliable Students,
Alligator 🐊 🐊 Alley is a nickname given to a 78-Mile stretch of Interstate 75 in Southern Florida going East ➡️ -West ⬅️ and connecting Naples and Fort Lauderdale. The road 🛣️ runs right through the Everglades. The Everglades is a vast, slow-moving wetland ecosystem described as a 𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘰𝘧 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘴𝘴. It has expansive sawgrass marshes, mangrove 🌴 forests, and a unique mix of fresh 💦 and salt 🧂 water. Years ago, this highway 🛣️ was a two-lane road without guardrails. It was possible for the careless, drunk 🍻, inattentive, or unlucky driver to run off the road and splash into the alligator-infested 🐊🐊 waters. Those who made it out of their cars and back 🔙 to the road still found themselves on an alligator-infested trail, miles from help, before the existence of cell phones. Not 🚫 a good place to be in the dark! The Interstate is now a four-lane road, and there are guardrails in many areas. Along the way, there are places to stop and walk along observation decks and towers to view the wildlife. There is a panther wildlife refuge just off the highway. There are also picnic 🧺 grounds.

It's time for lesson B284. Sometimes authors 📝🖊️ are inconsistent about whether they are using the singular or the plural. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐽 has found some examples of this and will help with corrections.

1. “When students returned, he asked their 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲 📛 and then handed them 𝗮 𝘀𝗲𝘁 of swimming goggles, and told them to line up at the end of the pool.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: The students did not have one name 📛 which they shouted in unison; each student had a name. He did not hand the group one set of goggles to share; each student received a set to use
Rewrite: When students returned, he asked their 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 📛 and then handed them 𝘀𝗲𝘁𝘀 of swimming goggles, and told them to line up at the end of the pool.

2. “Again, they both shook their 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗱.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: Two people didn't have one head 👤.
Rewrite: Again, they both shook their 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘀.

3. “We woke up this morning 🌅 and found that one of our neighbors had wrapped 𝗮 𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗲𝘀 on the street.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: Presumably, the speaker means 𝘢𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨 the street. Then, let's hope that piece 🧩 of metal is quite low to the ground so that it can be easily stepped over. If not, one would be forced to walk all the way around the row or group of trees 🌲🌳🌲 to pass to the other side.
Rewrite: We woke up this morning 🌅 and found that one of our neighbors had wrapped 𝗮 𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗲𝘀 along the street.
Note: For more emphasis, one could also say 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳

4. “The terrain was harsh and unforgiving, with sagebrush and the occasional cacti 🌵 dotting the landscape.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: One plant is a 𝗰𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘂𝘀.
Rewrite: The terrain was harsh and unforgiving, with sagebrush and the occasional 𝗰𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘂𝘀 🌵 dotting the landscape.

5. “The stark rock butte was populated with saguaro and other cactus”🌵 🌵 🌵.
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: More than one plant is cacti.
Rewrite: The stark rock butte was populated with saguaro and other 𝗰𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶.”🌵 🌵 🌵.

6. “In a big city newspaper 📰, the newsroom takes pride in tweaking the 𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗲 👃 🐽 of advertisers.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: The advertisers do not share one nose 👃.
Rewrite: In a big city newspaper 📰, the newsroom takes pride in tweaking the 𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗲𝘀 👃 🐽 of advertisers.



Being a little pig 🐖 as she is, Miss Jenny-Pig 🐷 has no plans to travel 🧳 down Alligator Alley 🐊🐊. She would certainly never get out of the car 🚗!

𝘾𝙤𝙡𝙪𝙢𝙗𝙪𝙨 𝙎𝙚𝙩𝙨 𝙎𝙖𝙞𝙡 ⛴️ 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙄𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙚𝙨

Dear Relentless Students,
Christopher Columbus thought he could reach the East ➡️ by sailing West. He tried for years to get funding for such a voyage from Portugal, England, and France. Finally, in 1492, a package 📦 of financing supported by King 👑 Ferdinand and Queen 👑 Isabella of Spain allowed him to begin a voyage on August 3. The King and Queen promised titles and profits; the country of Spain provided huge loans; Italian bankers provided access to significant merchant credit. As punishment for maritime offenses, the Crown ordered the Town of Palos to provide the 𝘕𝘪𝘯̃𝘢 and the 𝘗𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘢 for the voyage for two months. Columbus and his backers provided about ⅛ of the capital. The Niña, Pinta, and the Santa Maria set sail, hoping to reach the Eastern lands. Land was reached on October 12, probably in the Bahamas. Columbus returned to Spain with small amounts of gold 🪙, some parrots 🦜🦜, and captive indigenous people. He made 3 more trips to the same area, and believed until his death ☠️ that he had reached Asia 🌏.

It's time for lesson B283. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐷 will share with you more instances of authors ✍️ using incorrect words.

1. “I met a storekeeper who claimed that Columbus himself had 𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 that his latest voyage had been a failure and a curse on his head.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: 𝘖𝘱𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 is an adjective meaning 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘷𝘪𝘦𝘸𝘱𝘰𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘴. The word meaning 𝘵𝘰 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘢𝘯 𝘰𝘱𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘰𝘯 is 𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱.

2. “A direct 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗻𝘁 of mine had taken objection to striking Christ.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: How old 𝘢𝘳𝘦 you that your descendant met Christ? Descendants are those who come after you; think 💬 descend = down. The proper word here is 𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿.

3. “The horses 🐎 had their own 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗹 🪸, one big enough for them to stretch their legs.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: I don't know what those horses want with coral 🪸 from an ocean reef; perhaps they stretch their legs by running around it. Best not get too close; you could get cut! The word the author wants here is 𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗮𝗹, a fenced enclosure.

4. “She supposed introducing himself as such wasn't some 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗯𝗶𝗱 sin.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: 𝘔𝘰𝘳𝘣𝘪𝘥 relates to disease 🪰, decay, gloominess, even consideration of death ☠️. 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗹 is the term specifically for death 💀. A serious sin is a 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗹 sin.

5. “I am now forgetting the days, stripped to the waist and sweating like a 𝗵𝗼𝗴 🐷.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: I take umbrage 😤 at that remark. Hogs do not sweat 💦! That's why they cool 🆒 off in mud. Perhaps 𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿 would be more appropriate.

6. “Nor had any of us touched 𝗮 𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗲 🎲 or a deck of cards, not for money 💰 that is.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: 𝘋𝘪𝘤𝘦 🎲🎲 is plural; only one is a 𝗗𝗶𝗲 🎲.

7. “Everyone let out cries of 𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗲.” (The karaoke was almost finished).
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: 𝘙𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘴𝘦 doesn't make sense to Miss Jenny-Pig 🐖 here. There was no indication folks felt they had not made good use of their time. 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 may be a possibility. Do you have any ideas? 💡

8. “Within the first hour ⏳, Tony knew they were rapidly 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 the insurgents, and within another hour they would virtually be on top of them.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: 𝘖𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘩𝘢𝘶𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 would suggest they were remaking them in some way. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐗 thinks they were 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 the insurgents.

9. “This only served to increase his 𝗲𝗿𝗿 at having the peace ✌️ 🕊️ of his valley intruded upon.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: 𝘌𝘳𝘳 means 𝘵𝘰 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘦 𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘬𝘦. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐽 thinks he was upset, and this word should be the similar- sounding 𝗶𝗿𝗲.

10. “Everyone else could spread the remaining work out 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 them.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: Something is 𝘣𝘦𝘵𝘸𝘦𝘦𝘯 two people or things; it is 𝗮𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗴 three or more people or things.



The voyages of Columbus differed from those of other travelers to the American continents since those who crossed the Bering Strait. Those other visitors did not establish sustained colonies or have continued interest in the American continents. Once Columbus arrived, there began an era of ongoing exploration and investigation of the American continents and their peoples by the peoples of Europe.

𝕃𝕖𝕥'𝕤 𝔾𝕠 ℤ𝕚𝕡𝕝𝕚𝕟𝕚𝕟𝕘! 🐷

Dear Refreshing Students,
Whoo-eee!! 🎉😃🎇 This is so fun! A little scary sometimes, but so exhilarating. Ziplining through the woods 🌳🌳🌲 or through the open air between mountains 🏔️ 🏔️ is just the ticket 🎫 for an afternoon of excitement. There are several places in Minnesota where a person 🧑‍🦱👩‍💼 or a little pig 🐷 can go to zipline. These places provide the gear one needs for a safe and enjoyable experience. They will also train one in how to use the equipment so that even a first-timer has a good time. Most places accept customers weighing 100 - 250 pounds; some accept from 80 - 280 pounds. Limits are for customer safety 🦺 reasons. Children are often allowed to participate if they are within size guidelines.
𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗼𝘁 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝗼𝗽𝘆 🌳🌳 𝗧𝗼𝘂𝗿 near Henderson, MN, has 14 fast lines going 1 mile over the Minnesota River.
𝗦𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗸 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 near Jordan, MN, has 3 lines, totaling 1,600 feet, 100 feet above Sand ⏳ Creek.
𝗧𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗵𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗲𝗻 𝗔𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗸 🏞️ has about 3,000 feet of lines near the Twin Cities at Dresser, WI, along the MN border.
𝗡𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗸 at Silver Bay combines a massive aerial park with tree-to-tree 🌲🌳 options.
𝗡𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗼𝗻 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲 in Bloomington, MN, at the Mall of America has a year-round indoor zip line.
𝗝𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗹 𝗝𝗮𝗶𝘀 zipline in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, is one of the world's longest lines at 2.8 kilometers. Speeds 💨 of 60 kilometers per hour are reached
𝗞𝟯 𝗭𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 in Caledon, South Africa 🌍, is now the world's longest zipline at 2 miles; speeds of 75-90 mph 💨 can be reached.
𝗭𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗡𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗙𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘀 - One can soar down the Niagara Gorge 💦 2,200 feet towards the Falls observation deck amidst the roar and mist of the falls.
𝗥𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘂𝗮 - Soar over 1,300 feet through the native forests 🌲🌳🌴🌴 of the North Island of New Zealand, seeing waterfalls, foot bridges, and native bird 🐦 🕊️ 🦜species.

It's time for lesson B282. I, Miss Jenny-Pig 🐷, discuss hope and thankfulness. Should these feelings be expressed as a disjunct (a comment on the sentence as a whole), an adverb, a parenthetical expression, a verbal phrase, or in another way?

1. “With Ty, 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆, because none of this is his fault.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: A disjunct can't be used because the word doesn't apply to the entire sentence; an adverb isn't appropriate because the action wasn't done in a hopeful manner. Let's use a parenthetical expression.
Rewrite: With Ty, 𝗜 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲, because none of this is his fault.

2. “𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆, the senator and his son had no major differences, and there were no issues of pride involved.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘬𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭𝘺 is correctly used as a disjunct here because it applies to the entire sentence.
Note: ...and there 𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲 no issues.

3. “She would let her children do the honors next year, and 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 start a tradition that they would carry on long after she was gone.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: A disjunct can't be used because the word doesn't apply to the entire sentence; an adverb isn't appropriate because the action wasn't done in a hopeful manner. Let's use a parenthetical expression.
Rewrite: She would let her children do the honors next year and, 𝘀𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗱, start a tradition that they would carry on long after she was gone.

4. “Most, 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆, stood out of earshot on the other side of the barricade tape.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: A disjunct can't be used because the word doesn't apply to the entire sentence. An adverb isn't appropriate because the 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘯'𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘬𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭𝘺. The speaker is 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘬𝘧𝘶𝘭 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨. Let's use a verbal phrase and make the current sentence a subordinate clause.
Rewrite: 𝗪𝗲 𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 stood out of earshot on the other side of the barricade tape.

5. “‘Can you set up the department tour for this afternoon?’ I asked 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: 𝘏𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭𝘺 is properly used here as an adverb indicating that she 𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘢 𝘩𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘧𝘶𝘭 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘦𝘳. The sentence is correct as written.

6. “Euan retrieved the drone from his car, which 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 wasn't damaged.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: This suggests the car 🚗 was undamaged, but it was the drone which was intact. 𝘛𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘬𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭𝘺 isn't a disjunct since it doesn't apply to the whole sentence. No action was done in a thankful manner. Let's add a verb phrase and expand the final phrase into a clause.
Rewrite: Euan retrieved the drone from his car, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝗲𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘁 𝘄𝗮𝘀𝗻'𝘁 damaged.

7. “I'm going to spend some time on the street, and 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 figure out what's going on.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: A disjunct can't be used because the word doesn't apply to the entire sentence; an adverb isn't appropriate because the action wasn't done in a hopeful manner. Let's use a second clause.
Rewrite: I'm going to spend some time on the street, and 𝗜 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲 𝘁𝗼 figure out what's going on.

8. “‘You don't think Sir Geraint suspects who might have done it, do you?’ She looked 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 at me.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: 𝘏𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭𝘺 is properly used here as an adverb indicating that she 𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘢 𝘩𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘧𝘶𝘭 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘦𝘳. The sentence is correct as written.



There are other great ziplines all across the country and around the world. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐷 doesn't think 🤔 ziplining would be an inexpensive hobby, but it would be fun 😊.

𝙏𝒉𝙚 𝙏𝒓𝙞𝒂𝙡𝒔 𝒐𝙛 𝙇𝒂𝙣𝒅𝙡𝒐𝙘𝒌𝙚𝒅 𝑵𝙖𝒕𝙞𝒐𝙣𝒔 🚫🌊

Dear Refined Students,
A landlocked nation has no direct access to international waters. Its people and any goods coming into or leaving the country must pass through the sovereign territory 🚙🚗🚛 or airspace ✈️ of at least one other nation before reaching the ocean 🪸 🌊. This imposes several disadvantages upon such a nation.
There are currently 44 landlocked countries in the world 🌍. Seven in Europe are affluent – Andorra, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, San Marino, Switzerland, and Vatican City ✝️. All but Luxembourg choose political neutrality. It could be risky to take sides when your neighbors can so easily restrict your ability to trade and travel 🧳. Many of the countries that are landlocked are developing countries in Africa 🌍 and Asia. Interior nations have poorer growth prospects because international trade is more expensive; before widespread air ✈️ travel, every visitor had to pass through entry points in at least two countries. Landlocked countries are also cut off from the resources of the sea. They don’t share in the fishing 🎣🪝and seafood 🦞 🦀 industries or the tourist industries built on the recreational opportunities offered by the seacoast. Landlocked nations also, of course, are unable to provide a key national defense element in the way of a Navy. ⛴️

It's time for lesson B281. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐖 has identified some sentences that were written rather ambiguously. It isn't clear just what the writer is trying to say. As always, Miss 🐖 is here to clear things up!

1. “She finished her breakfast, and after giving Abigail some time 𝘁𝗼 𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳, she informed the cat 🐈 that they were on a mission that day.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: Was Abigail really going to eat herself? That seems counterproductive.
Rewrite: She finished her breakfast, and after giving Abigail 𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 some time to eat 😋, she informed the cat 🐈 that they were on a mission that day.”

2. “You're welcome to stay here, but I won't have one of my granddaughters running wild around this town with any Tom, Dick, and Harry 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝘀𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘀.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: This can be taken two ways. Either way would upset Grandma.
Rewrite 1: …running wild around this town with any Tom, Dick, and Harry 🚶🏃🧗who is pleased by or with her.
Rewrite 2: …running wild around this town with any Tom, Dick, and Harry with or by whom she is pleased.

3. “Euan waited while Reed disappeared over the edge 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗴𝗮𝘇𝗲𝗱 at the clouds ☁️ now breaking, with patches of blue 🔵 sky apparent.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: Who was gazing at the clouds? It seems as though Reed was, but he was rappelling down the side of a cliff.
Rewrite: While Reed disappeared over the edge, Euan waited and gazed at the clouds ☁️ now breaking, with patches of blue 🔵 sky apparent.

4. “And since I genuinely 𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗮𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀, I was glad to get her email.” 📧
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: Did you really like her better because of her faults? Or did you like her anyway?
Rewrite: And since I genuinely liked Madison 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗲 her faults, I was glad to get her email 📨.



Some landlocked countries have purchased strips of land to ensure a route to the sea. Others have entered into various pacts for easements with neighboring nations that do border the ocean 🌊. Nations with abundant coasts with good harbors should appreciate them.

𝑶𝙪𝒓 𝑭𝙞𝒓𝙨𝒕 𝑾𝙤𝒏𝙙𝒆𝙧 𝙤𝒇 𝒕𝙝𝒆 𝑵𝙖𝒕𝙪𝒓𝙖𝒍 𝑾𝙤𝒓𝙡𝒅 𝒊𝙨 𝙩𝒉𝙚 𝘼𝒖𝙧𝒐𝙧𝒂 𝑩𝙤𝒓𝙚𝒂𝙡𝒊𝙨! ♥️🧡💛💙💚🤍

Dear Reasonable Students,
𝘈𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘳𝘢 means 𝘥𝘢𝘸𝘯 🌅. 𝘉𝘰𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴 means 𝘯𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘯. The 𝘈𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘉𝘰𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴 is the name given to a phenomenon in which charged particles from the sun 🌞 crash into gases in the Earth's atmosphere. This creates a natural light display which is pulled toward the poles by the Earth's magnetic 🧲 fields. The southern one is called the 𝘈𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘳𝘢 𝘈𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴. Green 💚 results from interactions with oxygen molecules at lower altitudes; red ♥️ at higher altitudes. Blue 💙 and purple 💜 result from interactions with nitrogen molecules. November to February have the most hours of darkness in the North ⬆️, so if skies are clear, these months provide the best viewing opportunities. The skies are too bright 😎 for viewing during May, June, and July. September and March, there is an increased volume of geomagnetic activity and reasonably warm weather 🌡️, so these months provide some viewing opportunities. During strong displays on calm, clear nights, about 5% of viewers may hear cracking, popping 🍾, hissing 🐍, or rustling noises. These sounds do not come down from the lights, but the interactions that cause the lights trigger reactions near the ground that cause the sounds.

It's time for lesson B280. Oh, dear! Miss Jenny-Pig 🐽 has found more self-contradictory sentences.

1. “I actually sat on the seat 🚽, something I 𝗻𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘂𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 did even in Stateside public facilities.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: 𝘕𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳 is an absolute condition. It can't be paired with 𝘶𝘴𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺.
Rewrite: I actually sat on the seat, something I 𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗱𝗼𝗺 did even in Stateside public facilities.

2. “I 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱𝗻'𝘁 𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗹𝘆 get through the gates.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: 𝘊𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥𝘯'𝘵 indicates you failed, while 𝘣𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘺 suggests you managed to do it.
Rewrite: I 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗹𝘆 get through the gates.

3. “The small silver-gilt clock on Mama’s nightstand ticked so softly that I 𝘂𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗻𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 noticed it.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: 𝘕𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳 is an absolute condition. It can't be paired with 𝘶𝘴𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺.
Rewrite: The small silver-gilt clock on Mama’s nightstand ticked so softly that I 𝘂𝘀𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗱𝗶𝗱𝗻'𝘁 notice it.

4. “Whoa, I 𝗱𝗼𝗻'𝘁 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗹𝘆 anyone who drinks 🍺 it like that!”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: 𝘋𝘰𝘯'𝘵 indicates you know nobody, while 𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘥𝘭𝘺 suggests you know a few.
Rewrite: Whoa, I 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗹𝘆 anyone who drinks it like that!

5. “Tyler 𝗼𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 gets to work 👷🧑‍🔧 before me 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 days.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: How many times each day do you report for work? If he 𝘰𝘧𝘵𝘦𝘯 beats you, it sounds like at least 4 or 5 if it often happens on most days.
Rewrite 1: Tyler 𝗼𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗻 gets to work before me.
Rewrite 2: Tyler gets to work before me 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 days.

6. “He glanced behind as the man stumbled over a tree 🌲 root 🫚, 𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘦 means lying face-down. 𝘖𝘯 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘴 means on hands and knees or possibly on hands and feet. But someone on all fours is not lying down and is therefore not prone.
Rewrite 1: He glanced behind as the man stumbled over a tree 🌲 root 🫚 and was 𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗲.
Rewrite 2: He glanced behind as the man stumbled over a tree 🌲 root 🫚 and landed 𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀.



The most intense recorded geomagnetic storm was the 𝘾𝙖𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙩𝙤𝙣 𝙀𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙩, on September 1-2, 1859. It caused auroral displays reported globally; it also caused sparks and even fires 🔥 in telegraph offices.

Miss Jenny-Pig 🐷 shares this map 🗺️ from a Facebook site called The Grammar Police. Check it out!

𝗗𝗼 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗥𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝘿𝒆𝙡𝒊𝙫𝒆𝙧𝒂𝙣𝒄𝙚? 🛶

Dear Rational Students,
In 1970, James Dickey authored the hit novel 𝘋𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦, the story of four Atlanta businessmen who set out to whitewater canoe 🛶 down the Cahulawassee River through the northern Georgia wilderness. They are challenged by the area’s inhabitants and by nature. The movie 🍿 🎥 by the same name debuted July 30, 1972, and quite vividly portrayed the ordeals described in the book 📖. The movie starred Jon Voight, Bert Reynolds, Ned Beatty, and Ronny Cox. The film was a critical and commercial success, earning $46 million on a budget of $2 million. Iconic scenes included Cox’s character playing 𝘋𝘶𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘉𝘢𝘯𝘫𝘰𝘴 with a banjo 🪕 playing mountain 🏔️ boy, and Beatty’s character being brutally r*p*d by a mountain man.

It's time for lesson B279. Miss Jenny-Pig 🐷 will help us with our 𝘸𝘩𝘰-𝘪𝘯𝘨 and 𝘸𝘩𝘰𝘮-𝘪𝘯𝘨. In these examples, we shall find the challenging word primarily serving as a direct object. As an object, we use the 𝘸𝘩𝘰𝘮 form.

Ex. I gave the pig 🐷 an apple. 🍎
Subject does action - I; Direct object receives action - apple🍎; Indirect object is affected by action – pig 🐷.

1. “𝗪𝗵𝗼 may I say is calling?”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: In this sentence, the subject is 𝗜 and the highlighted word is the 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁. Since it is an 𝘰𝘣𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵, it should be 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺.

2. “She's living with her uncle, 𝘄𝗵𝗼 she met just a few days ago.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: In the second clause, the subject is 𝘀𝗵𝗲 and the highlighted word is the 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁. Since it is an 𝘰𝘣𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵, it should be 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺.

3. “𝗪𝗵𝗼 invited 𝘄𝗵𝗼?”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: In this sentence, the first highlighted word is the subject and is correctly shown in subjective form. The second highlighted word is a direct object, and should be in objective form – 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺.

4. “She only knew that her single chance at survival was to alert 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 he was talking with to go to the police 🚨.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: The highlighted word is a direct object, so the objective form should be used 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿.

5. “I had no idea 💡 𝘄𝗵𝗼 I might tell.”
Jenny-Pig 🐖 says: In the second clause, the subject is 𝗜 and the highlighted word is the 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗯𝗷𝗲𝗰𝘁. Since it is an 𝘰𝘣𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵, it should be 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺.

6. “A sister of the wheelwright, 𝘄𝗵𝗼 I had gladly assisted with his repairs, had been recently widowed and wasn't altogether against the idea 💡 of finding a mate with 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺 to live out her mature years.”
Jenny-Pig 🐗 says: The first highlighted word is the direct object in the phrase “I had assisted who”. Therefore, the objective form should be used – 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺. The second highlighted word is the object of the preposition 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 and is correctly shown in the objective form.

7. “My ego and my pride had brought me to this – no family, no flagship, and a woman 𝘄𝗵𝗼 I loved 😍 𝘄𝗵𝗼 would never marry me.”
Jenny-Pig 🐽 says: The first highlighted word is the direct object in the phrase “I loved who,” so the objective form should be used – 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺. The second highlighted word is the subject of its clause. It is correctly shown in subjective form.

8. “All three of us knew 𝘄𝗵𝗼 loved 𝘄𝗵𝗼.”
Jenny-Pig 🐷 says: In this sentence, the first highlighted word is the subject of the clause and is correctly shown in subjective form. The second highlighted word is a direct object, and should be in object form – 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺.



In more recent years, some have criticized 𝘋𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 for its portrayal of Appalachia and the people who live there. They believe it provides a negative stereotype of working people and of rural people.