09/12/2026
PhD student YoungHak Joseph Lee T'21, T'28 traveled on this summer's Drew University to Turkiye with hopes of integrating the past into his future.
Rev. Dr. Melanie Johnson-DeBaufre has been leading trips to Turkiye for multiple decades, and she told this summer's group about a poignant moment during her travels in 2006. She was at the top of what is now the excavated Hellenistic theater in Laodicea and observing unexcavated sites nearby, as pictured in the second photo with her advisor from her doctoral work, Dr. Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza who is the Krister Stendahl Professor of Divinity Emerita at Harvard Divinity School, and her colleague, Dr. Gabriella Gelardini who is Professor of Christianity, Religion, Worldview, and Ethics at Nord University in Norway.
The story and photo from 20 years prior inspired YoungHak in the spot where he took the photo in image one with Rev. Dr. MJD of a currently unexcavated site at Laodicea, hoping to return in the future with students when he is teaching biblical studies.
After exploring the archaeological landscape of the ancient city on foot, YoungHak reflected on experiencing the physical landscapes of the texts he is studying as a Bible and Cultures student, particularly in the book of Revelation.
"Visiting this area helped me imagine the imagery of the 'lukewarm' Laodiceans in Revelation in a completely different way. Nearby Colossae was associated with cold, refreshing water, while Hierapolis (at modern Pamukkale) was famous for its hot thermal springs. Laodicea was a major city situated between these places and drew water from them. Standing at these sites helped me imagine why the imagery of being neither 'cold nor hot,' but 'lukewarm,' would have been so vivid to the first readers of Revelation," he said.
"More broadly, it helped me imagine how the biblical writers and their first audiences experienced these places as real environments filled with water, roads, people, cities, economies, and memories."
YoungHak recognizes that archeological discoveries mean that his understanding of early Christianity is still unfolding, and he plans to reflect on the "real cultural worlds" in his teaching and research.