Nclex Avenue

Let's talk about Lithium 🙂

Adenosine is the appropriate medication for Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) The exact dosage for adenosine should be 6 mg the first time, 12 mg the second time, and 12 mg the third time. These administrations should be a rapid push followed by 20 mL of normal saline. The half-life of adenosine is very short, so this is why timely administration is necessary.

When caring for a client with a tracheostomy, the nurse should have the necessary safety equipment at the bedside, and this includes:

> Two extra inner cannulas - one fitting the client > and one smaller size.
> Obturator
> Suction equipment
> Oxygen source/tank

📌 Pharmacology

Long-term therapy with a proton pump inhibito, (eg, omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole) may decrease the absorption of calcium and promote osteoporosis. A bone density test can assess if the patient already has osteoporosis Hospitalized patients alsso have an increased risk of diarrhea caused by Clostridium dificile. PPls cause suppression of acid that otherwise would have prevented pathogens from more easily colonizing the upper gastrointestinal tract. This leads to increased risk of pneumonias

📌 Pharmacology

Levothyroxine is the first-line treatment for hypothyroidism during pregnancy to maintain adequate levels of maternal thyroid hormones, which are critical for fetal brain development. Symptoms of hypothyroidism typically begin to improve approximately 3-4 weeks after initiating levothyroxine. Therapy should not be stopped, even if symptoms resolve.

Clients taking ethambutol must have baseline and periodic eye examinations during therapy as optic neuritis is a potentially reversible adverse effect.

Meningitis can be bacterial or viral. Usually, both types present with similar symptoms. The most common bacteria responsible for meningitis in young children are S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, and group B Streptococcus. While viral meningitis does not need isolation, suspected cases of bacterial meningitis must be placed on droplet isolation.

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The normal hemoglobin is 14-18 g/dL for males and 12-16 g/dL for females. A transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCS) is typically prescribed once the hemoglobin drops below 7 g/dL. One unit of packed red blood cells will raise the hemoglobin by 1 g/dL.

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Two Basic Rules in Blood Transfusion

1. "4 hour rule"

- transfusion must be completed with 4 hours of removal of blood products from controlled temperature storage.

2. "30 minutes rule"

- the nurse must initiate the transfusion within 30-minutes of receiving it from the blood bank.