08/20/2026
How much does a wildfire actually cost? Suppression spending is the number that makes the news, but it's only part of the total. Our new meta-analysis sorted 131 documented costs from 29 U.S. wildfires. For larger fires, damages to the built environment (homes and infrastructure) are typically the single most expensive category, followed by suppression and lost ecosystem services (natural benefits like water, soil, and carbon storage). But the bigger story is what's missing. Cost accounting is usually published before long-term costs materialize, and entire categories go unmeasured or under-measured — human health, ecosystem services, and market impacts. We found zero smoke-exposure cost estimates for individual wildfires. That gap matters, because communities use these numbers to plan.
Fact sheet: https://app.box.com/s/g8frhhcxwm5lt8id93yhm725xapw9aa7 Full paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666719326002256?via%3Dihub.
Photo Credit: Images 1 & 3 Coconino National Forest, Pocket Fire. Image 2 flooding in Flagstaff, AZ post-Schultz fire.