Barberic Fitness & Fortitude

This pyramid is a handy tool to help illustrate the basics of muscle growth and fat loss.

1) "Energy Balance" refers to the intake of calories through food, drink and supplementation VS the output of energy through exercise and daily activity.  When we are trying to gain muscle typically we want to have a calorie surplus, on the other hand to lose fat we need a caloric deficit.  Typically for best results 300-500 under or over is ideal for maximizing losses or gains without losing additonal muscle mass or adding additional fat stores, respectively.

2) "Macronutrients" refers to the big three PROTEIN, FAT, CARBOHYDRATES.  These nutrients are what make up the intake portion of our calories.  Ideally we want to consume a set percentage of our daily caloric intake from each of these groups.  
-PROTEIN should hold a higher percentage in your diet as it acts as the building block for muscle growth and repair.  Protein has many sources, and while we typically think meat there are plenty of vegetarian and vegan options for protein.  While the concentration may not be as high you will find when using a caluclator like MyFitnessPal that your daily intake from protein can exceed what your goals are because it is found in a wide variety of foods, including veggies.  
-FATS will in most cases be the lowest percentage but are still important for healthy functioning of organs, joints and brain activity.  Think of them as the lubrication for your daily function.
-CARBOHYDRATES will in most cases be at the same level as your protein intake, but during fat loss periods you want your carbs to be lower.  Carbs account for your energy stores, these are your quick and long term fuel for most of your daily activity.  Carb rich foods tend to be more satiating as well giving you a "full" feeling for a longer period of time.

I am personally on a 40% Protein/35% Carb/25% Fat macro split.

Training is more than getting you to lift weights or teaching proper eating. It is instilling a higher level of discipline that can take you to new heights in everything you do.