“All or Nothing!” that is what my Dean called it; “Just like the shootout at the OK corral, how exciting.” were her final words to me after I described what I would be doing this January in Alaska. I am the principal investigator for the NASA Auroral Spatial Structures Probe. A 70 foot, 4-stage unmanned rocket loaded with scientific instruments sitting on the launch pad now in Alaska. After 4-year
s of planning, building and testing at NASA Wallops Flight Facility and at the Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory it is all coming down to a call, my call, as to when to launch. The aurora borealis is beautiful, awe-inspiring, and far more dynamic and crisp than pictures seem to capture. Those who see it for the very first time often comment on how much it moves in the sky and how detailed the structure of the curtains are and how quickly it can evolve into whole new patterns; They say it is more than they expected. Yet the aurora is not just the pretty lights of what we call “the visible aurora”. There is an unseen structure of voltages and flowing currents in which the visible aurora is embedded and which are not as well understood. The existence of these currents has been detected since antiquity through the slight tremor of magnetic compass needles when the aurora was active. Now we use sub-orbital rockets or satellites flying in or above the aurora to study these invisible voltages and currents. This current NASA mission is a whole new approach to making these types of measurements and has great promise in advancing our understanding of “the invisible aurora” and it relation to those ethereal curtains of light. The rocket is sitting on the launch rail at the Poker Flat Research Range just outside of Fairbanks. Shortly after the fourth stage burns out, six sub-payloads, each about the size of a loaf of bread will be shot a way at high velocity using compressed air canons. This expanding formation of sensors will arc high over the aurora measuring voltages and currents. The whole mission only lasts 14 minutes with about eight of those minutes being prime science collection. After reaching an altitude of 600 km, half again as high as the international space station, the sensors and spent rocket boosters will splash down in Arctic Ocean north of Alaska. The goal is to fly over the aurora somewhere near the north coast. Currently weather conditions in Alaska are poor with a winter storm blocking the views from our ground based cameras. Once the skies clear we will make prediction of what the aurora is likely to do over the next 15 minutes. If there are signatures of the invisible aurora and if the visible auroral arcs are expected to be steady I will call the launch. We only get one shot, and even after using all of our best information and prediction methods there remain elements of chance. The Aurora can completely change, brighten, move, or disappear over a few minutes. Yes, it is a shootout, but a shootout with only one bullet…..maybe tonight, Bang!