09/29/2026
While most plants turn brown, wither, and die when exposed to salt, the coastal monkeyflower thrives.
This unassuming yellow flower lives on the windswept bluffs of Oregon and California, where 40-mph ocean winds whip up a spray so salty it leaves a crusty film on car windshields.
To understand how these wild plants withstand such extreme conditions, researchers David Lowry, professor in the MSU Department of Plant Biology, and Madison Plunkert, doctoral student in MSU’s Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, brought the ocean to Michigan.
The team constructed an ingenious DIY testing rig dubbed the "Saltmobile": a cart equipped with airbrushes and saltwater bottles, wrapped in a heavy-duty trash bag to keep salt haze from coating the building hallway.
By spraying coastal and inland varieties of monkeyflowers with saltwater and analyzing leaf tissues, the team made several discoveries:
🟢 Active Salt Exclusion: Coastal monkeyflowers contain roughly 30% less sodium per square centimeter of leaf tissue than inland varieties. They block salt from penetrating their leaves.
🟢 Internal Salt Tolerance: Even when salt does breach the leaf, coastal plants can endure it far longer without showing cellular damage.
🟢 Strategic Timing: In related research, the team discovered coastal monkeyflowers delay their flowering until later in the season when ocean winds calm down, naturally avoiding peak salt exposure.
Beyond coastal ecosystems facing climate-induced storm surges, salt stress affects inland communities right here in the Midwest, from agricultural soils damaged by salinity to freshwater ecosystems coping with winter road salt runoff.
By pinpointing the genetics that allow coastal monkeyflowers to tolerate salt, Lowry and Plunkert aim for their work to point to ways to make other plants, including crops, more resilient to salt exposure.