05/09/2026
Security in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean:
Theory, Ex*****on, and Materiality
University of Missouri, Columbia, April 9-10, 2027
Call for Papers
In 1981, the Menil Collection in Houston, Texas opened its exhibition, Security in Byzantium: Locking, Sealing, Weighing. The exhibition featured Byzantine objects centered around three “genres” of security, as defined by Gary Vikan and John Nesbitt, including, “locks and keys, sealing and stamping implements, and official weights”. It was a groundbreaking initiative that opened the door to new questions dealing with the materiality of security in Byzantium. Currently, a new exhibition, Byzantine Security: How to Protect an Empire in the Palm of your Hand, is being prepared for the spring of 2027 at the University of Missouri Museum of Art and Archaeology. It aims to build upon questions raised by the Menil Collection exhibition and expand its scope. It will feature objects from both the Byzantine collection and from earlier Mediterranean cultures, and it will combine objects from the three “genres” established by the Vikan and Nesbitt, with other objects used to protect their owners from harmful forces through metaphysical processes, such as amulettes and objects of veneration or ritual that could induce miraculous intervention by gods or saints.
The symposium, “Security in the Ancient and Medieval Mediterranean: Theory, Ex*****on, and Materiality” will accompany the exhibit, with the goal of generating scholarly discussion pertaining to the idea of security from a wider vantage point. In addition to the study of small objects, such as those exhibited in the museum, the symposium will call on the examination of textual sources and large-scale material sources such as architecture and monumental decoration.
During the symposium, scholars will reflect on the different ways in which ancient and medieval people protected themselves, their property, and the broader social structures on which they depended. To begin, we will ask what defined security in the ancient and medieval Mediterranean world, and, consequently, against what forces people sought to be protected. How do authors describe security and protection? Are they linked to individual property and well-being or collective concerns? Do authors associate security and protection with negative emotions, like fear, or with more positive ones, like comfort? In writing about protection and security, are authors concerned with natural or spiritual forces?
Then, we will study the mechanisms and materials used to ensure security and how they were implemented. What objects and structures did medieval and ancient people use to protect themselves? Were there distinct private and public mechanisms devised to protect individuals and the state? Were there differences in the ways people protected their bodies and their souls?
Throughout our discussions, we will reflect on whether preoccupations with security and protection hindered or nurtured technological and artistic advancements and if they tended to promote fear and division or to strengthen communal bonds.
Some topics that could be addressed are:
Mechanisms for protecting states from foreign enemies, such as fortifications, military strategies, and diplomacy.
Questions concerning the use of violence and force for protection and how those in power justified it.
Legal mechanisms for protecting oneself from violence within one's own community or for protecting personal property, such as legal procedures or prescriptions dealing with ownership and violent acts.
Material mechanisms for protecting property such as locks, keys, caskets, and seals.
Architectural mechanisms and clothing used for protecting people from the elements.
Spiritual or metaphysical ways of protecting oneself from sickness, harm, and other evil forces, such as devotion to particular gods or saints and the performance of magic.
Individual and collective understandings of security.
Protection of the body vs. protection of the soul.
The symposium’s topics will be related to ancient and medieval cultures from the broader Mediterranean, so that we can consider questions of both change and continuity over time.
Keynote Speaker
George Demacopoulos, Fordham University
Please send abstracts of up to 400 words to Elizabeth Zanghi at [email protected] by July 31, 2026. Partial funding can be made available for speakers as needed.