08/20/2022
158 years ago today Kamehameha V, Lot Kapuāiwa writes a new constitution for the Hawaiian Monarchy to strengthen his rule.
His full name was Lot Kapuāiwa Kalanimakua Aliʻiolani Kalani Kapuapaikalaninui, born on Dec 11 1830. He had three brothers and a sister, they were, David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV) and Victoria Kamāmalu.
Hawai`i has it’s history of constitutions…
The 1840 constitution (during rein of Kamehameha III), was the first written constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom and was heavily influenced by Europeans, Americans and missionaries.
The Constitution of 1852 served as the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1852 through 1864. It heavily liberalized the structure of the Hawaiian government introducing new elements of democracy into the government and reducing the monarchs power. This constitution lasted through the reign of King Kamehameha III and Kamehameha IV. When Kamehameha IV died in 1863, His brother, Kamehameha V refused to support the constitution of 1852 and decided to write his own.
Kamehameha V wanted to restore power to the monarchy. He gathered a group of delegates (chiefs from the House of Nobles, common citizens, and a few missionaries) to gather and re-write the constitution.
These select delegates refused to support a new constitution, so Kamehameha V dismissed them all and wrote the new constitution himself.
The constitution of 1864 gave power back to the monarch, created a single legislature, restricted freedom of the press, reduced the power of the judicial.
Lot Kapuāiwa was a very intelligent Hawaiian.
This constitution will serve the Hawaiian Kingdom until his death. With the first elected Kingʻs (William Lunalilo) short reign, the next major constitutional change will be the 1887 Bayonet Constitution during the reign of Kalākaua, and Lili`uokalaniʻs 1893 constitution days before the overthrow.