𝕾𝖙𝖔𝖕&𝕷𝖊𝖆𝖗𝖓

In 1981, Bath conceived of the invention for which she has become famous – the Laserphaco Probe, a surgical tool that uses a laser to vaporize cataracts via a tiny, 1-millimeter insertion into a patient's eye.

More: https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/patricia-bath

Bette Nesmith Graham (March 23, 1924–May 12, 1980) was the inventor and businesswoman who made a fortune from her invention "Liquid Paper," a product which along with its competitors such as Wite-Out, allowed secretaries to quickly correct typing mistakes.

More: https://www.thoughtco.com/liquid-paper-bette-nesmith-graham-1992092

Marion O'Brien Donovan was an American inventor and entrepreneur. She is best known for developing the first waterproof disposable diaper, a feat which earned her election to the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015.

More: https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/marion-donovan

Josephine Garis Cochran was an American housewife who was the inventor of the first commercially successful automatic dishwasher, which she designed in the shed behind her home, she then constructed it engaging the assistance of mechanic George Butters, who became one of her first employees.

More: https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/josephine-cochrane

Margaret Eloise Knight was an American inventor, notably of the flat-bottomed paper bag. She has been called "the most famous 19th-century woman inventor". She was working in a paper-bag factory when she devised a new way to put together the bags.

In this month, November we will show you women inventors, how their inventions changed our daily life: 👩

Mary Elizabeth Anderson was an American real estate developer, rancher, viticulturist and inventor of the windshield wiper blade. On November 10, 1903 Anderson was granted her first patent for an automatic car window cleaning device controlled from inside the car, called the windshield wiper.

More: https://tennesseestar.com/2019/09/26/american-inventor-series-mary-anderson-inventor-of-the-windshield-wiper/

The Pencil Sharpener was created by a French mathematician, Bernard Lassimonne - 1828

French mathematician Bernard Lassimonne (Limoges) applied the world's first patent (French patent #2444) on a pencil sharpener in 1828. Pencil sharpener devices using his patent were actually produced and sold by Binant, a shop for painting accessories in Paris.

Before the development of dedicated pencil sharpeners, a pencil was sharpened by whittling it with a knife. Pencil sharpener tools made this task much easier and gave a better result.

More here goes back to c15 or 16th Century: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2015/01/invention-pencil-sharpener/

Stethoscope:

Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781–1826) was a French physician who, in 1816, invented the stethoscope. Using this new instrument, he investigated the sounds made by the heart and lungs and determined that his diagnoses were supported by the observations made during autopsies.

More: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570491/

2600 BC: Public sewage and sanitation systems in Indus Valley sites such as Mohenjo-Daro and Rakhigarhi.

The ancient Indus Valley Civilization of South Asia, including current day Pakistan and Northwest India, was prominent in infrastructure, hydraulic engineering, and had many water supply and sanitation devices that were the first of their kind. Most houses of Indus Valley were made from mud, mud bricks or clay bricks.

276-194 BC - Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.

He pinpointed the center of the earth, which later modification and correction were made by Muslims polymath in the Gold Age of Islam.

Reference: please check our posts from June - August 2020, About Muslims scholars and their innovations and great work which was influenced by ancient Greek/Egypt scholars.