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A compound-complex sentence has at least one subordinate clause and at least two independent clauses.

Let’s look at an example sentence to clarify. Even though the economy was in recession, the government introduced a sales tax on petrol products, and voters were not happy.

In this sentence ‘even though the economy was in recession’ is the dependent clause.

It cannot stand alone.
On the other hand, ‘the government introduced a sales tax on petrol products’ and ‘voters were not happy’ are both independent clauses.

Here’s another sentence to analyze.
The two children were playing outside today, and despite having a disagreement, they both still enjoyed their time together.
‘The two children were playing outside today’ is an independent clause.
‘Despite having a disagreement’ is a subordinate clause.
‘They both still enjoyed their time together’ is another independent clause.

So, we have two independent clauses and one subordinate clause, which is what we need for compound-complex sentences.

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Simple sentence has one independent clause.

Here are two examples:

1) Gas prices are rising.
2) The economy is experiencing a recession.

In simple sentences, you have a subject that agrees with the verb or verbs in the sentence.

In each of these sentences, the subject is highlighted in yellow and the verb in blue.

As you can see, each sentence has just one subject and one verb.

Some simple sentences might also have a compound subject.

For instance, Gas and food are scarce these days during the recession.

‘Gas and food’ are two separate items but they form one subject.

The verb “to be” conjugated as “are” matches with both gas and food.

We can also have a compound predicate, which is just another way of saying two verbs that share the same subject.

For example:Electric cars are expensive and cost far more than conventional cars.

Both the verbs “are” and “cost” agree with the subject “electric cars”. This is still a simple sentence.

We must not confuse compound predicates with compound sentences.

In just a moment, we’ll see how a compound sentence has two independent clauses.

In this example, there is still only one independent clause, but there are two verbs.

Two verbs that share the same subject is a compound predicate.

As there is only one independent clause, this is still a simple sentence.

Simple sentences often add clarity to our writing because they don’t contain too many related ideas.

But to get a high score on the IELTS you have to use a variety of sentence structures.

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A complex sentence includes both an independent clause and at least one subordinate clause, also called a dependent clause.

Remember an independent clause can be a complete sentence and has one main idea.

A subordinate or dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction and can’t act as a complete sentence.

Let’s look at an example.

Even though the economy was shrinking, prices were still rising.

“Prices were still rising” is an independent clause because it could stand on its own as a complete sentence.

‘Even though the economy was shrinking’ cannot stand alone because it uses the conjunction, ‘even though’, which connects this clause directly to ‘prices were still rising’.

To help you develop complex sentences in your writing, it’s useful to practice using the most common subordinating conjunctions.

A subordinating conjunction is just a fancy term for the word that connects the idea of the subordinate clause with that of the independent clause.

Let’s go back to our previous examples to illustrate the subordinating conjunctions in these sentences.

Here are some other common subordinating conjunctions: unless, while, so that, even if, whether, as long as, in order to, until.

In another related video, we will go over common linking words to help strengthen your essay writing.

Click the video link here or in the description below. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKfsbgFTN4o&t=1s

A compound sentence
includes at least two independent clauses, usually connected using a conjunction.

Let’s see an example.

We’re in an economic slump, and prices are still rising.

Notice that “We’re in an economic slump” and “Prices are still rising” could both stand on their own as complete sentences.

The conjunction in this example is the very simple word, “and.”

Here’s another example.

The future is unpredictable, but he’s going to invest in that stock.

You can see that “The future is unpredictable,” and, “he’s going to invest in that stock” both could stand on their own. Therefore, they’re independent clauses.

The conjunction in this compound sentence is ‘but’. It connects the two ideas.

To form compound sentences it’s useful to memorize the FANBOYS conjunctions. FANBOYS stands for
F-For
A-And
N-Not
B-But
O-Or
Y-Yet
And S-So.

Use any of these conjunctions to link the two independent clauses in a compound sentence. If you follow this trick, you’ll have no trouble using compound sentences in your writing.

If you wish to learn more about compound sentences, check out our video about different sentence structures.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKK0OVvIzdY&t=2s

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