09/14/2026
On this day in 1859, federal Indian agent Robert Simpson Neighbors was shot and killed by Edward Cornett at Fort Belknap, in Young County.
A former member of the Texas legislature, Neighbors helped pass a law granting twelve leagues of land (53,000 acres) to establish Indian reservations for the Caddos, Tonkawas, and Wichitas on the upper Brazos River, near present-day Graham in 1854.
Area whites resented the Brazos Indians, especially those who had received permission from Neighbors to leave the reservation on hunting expeditions. In the winter of 1858 a group of whites attacked a party of Indians on a hunt in Palo Pinto County, killing seven while they slept.
Tensions between area whites and the Brazos Reservation Indians came to a head the following year, fueled in large part by John R. Baylor, a bitter enemy of Neighbors and editor of a Jack County newspaper, The White Man. In May, Baylor led a mob of several hundred vigilantes onto the reservation, killing two elderly Caddo Indians, a man and a woman, three miles east of Graham. The murders incited a group of several dozen Indians to leave the reservation in pursuit of Baylor’s men. Five Texans and two more Indians would die in the fighting that followed.
Neighbors realized that he could no longer protect the two thousand Indians on the Brazos Reservation from the attacks of white settlers. To avoid further bloodshed, he and a US Army es**rt led them into Oklahoma in the summer of 1859. “I have this day crossed all the Indians,” Neighbors wrote to his wife in August, “out of the land of the philistines.”
Returning to Texas one month later, he was murdered by Cornett, “a drinking, boasting blustering desperado,” whose brother-in-law had been accused by Neighbors of horse theft.
Neighbors is buried in the old Belknap cemetery, two miles south of Newcastle.
To learn more about the "Reservation War," visit Texas in Turmoil: Mapping Interethnic Violence, 1821-1879
https://sites.libraries.uta.edu/texasinturmoil/