04/07/2017
Three Golden Rules of Accounting
One of the most famous and commonly used term in the field of accounting and finance is “Three golden rules of accounting”. The phrase itself shows that these rules form the very basis of accounting and act as a cornerstone for all record keeping. They are also called the traditional rules of accounting or the rules of debit and credit.
Type of Account Debit Credit
Personal Account A/C The Receiver The Giver
Real A/C What comes in What goes out
Nominal A/C Expenses and Losses Income and Gains
The application of the above rules is only possible if you can correctly determine the kind of account you are dealing with.
Examples – Three Golden Rules of Accounting (Traditional)
• Purchased Fixed Asset for 10,000 in cash
Accounts Dr/Cr Rule
Fixed Asset a/c 10,000 Fixed Asset is real a/c so Dr what comes in
Cash a/c 10,000 Cash is a real account, so Cr. What goes out
• Paid 15,000 cash to Uchumi Ltd.
Accounts Debit / Credit Rule applicable
Uchumi Ltd 15,000 Uchumi is a personal a/c so Dr. the receiver
Cash 15,000 Cash is a real a/c so Cr. what goes out
• Paid 18,000 from the bank as rent.
Accounts involved Dr/Cr Rule applicable
Rent A/C 18,000 Rent is a nominal a/c so Dr. the expenses
Bank A/C 18,000 Bank is a personal a/c so Cr the giver
Rules of Debit and Credit According to Modern Approach
If you are passing an entry in the journal, you may use the Modern Accounting Approach instead of the usual Traditional Approach.
You should try to use the modern approach at least once to find out which one is easier to understand and apply. It is true that some people find the modern approach easier to apply than the traditional golden rules of accounting.
Type of Account Debit Credit
Asset a/c Increase Decrease
Capital a/c Decrease Increase
Liability a/c Decrease Increase
Revenue a/c Decrease Increase
Expense a/c Increase Decrease
Drawings a/c Increase Decrease
Example – Modern Rules of Accounting
Received cash 3000 as rent from Uchumi Ltd.
Accounts involved Dr/cr Modern rule
Cash a/c 3000 Cash is an asset a/c so Dr. increase
Rental income a/c 3000 Rent is revenue a/c so Cr. increase