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GROWTH

Growth is the irreversible increase in the size and dry weight of an organism.

How is x tised by;
Cell division
Cell expansion
Cell differentiation which involves change in structure and shape of a cell to perform different functions.

Cell expansion occurs shortly after assimilation.
Assimilation is the synthesis if new cell structures by an organism from environmental materials.

HOW TO MEASURE GROWTH:
measuring fresh weight;
This involves measuring an organism while alive.
It is not accurate since the protoplasm contains a large amount of water.
However its good since the organism is not killed.

Dry weight
Under this the water in the protoplasm is ev***rated by heating the plant
After, the plant is measured on a weighing scale.
This method is more accurate since it gives the weight of the plant with no water
However it involves the killing of an organism
So the next study to estimate further growth of the species is on a different plant.

Linear method
This is used to measure height of an organism.
A tape measure. Or a time lapse graph may be used

Surface area

This is used to measure the change in size of the leaves.

Germination.
This is the emergency of an EMBRYO into a seedling that is capable of growing as an independent plant under favourable conditions.
It involves
Imbibition and osmosis

Conditions for germination
Water suitable temperature and oxygen
Water enters the microphly by imbibition.

Temperature helps the enzymes which work in specific temperature ranges in the seed to Catylise the reactions
Water beaks the seed dormancy.

Hard water formation

Soft water readily form lather with ordinary soap
While hard water hardly form lather with soap.
The dissolved calcium and magnesium ions in hard water react with soap to form scum.
Hard water contains cations with a charge of 2+
Especially Ca2+ and Mg2+
Qn: soap was added to water which was said to be hard.
i) name the ions that were present.
>>>>>> calcium and magnesium ions
iil) state what was observed and write the equation for reaction
>>>>> a precipitate containing Ca2+ and Mg2
was observed.
Sodium salt in soap coverted calcium and magnesium ions to calcium and magnesium salts respectfully which formed a precipitate.
The precipitate was scum

Current Chemistry & biology All concerning with science of the body

**NALPH@. PH IS THE POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN. IT CAN EITHER BE ACIDIC (0-6) OR ALKALINE . THE ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY OF A OF A SUBSTANCE IS MEASURED BY ITS PH VALUE, WHICH IS A NUMBER FROM 0-14. THE LOWER THE NUMBER, THE MORE THE ACIDITY. PH BALANCE IS CRUTIAL FOR OUR BODIES. ALL OUR BODY ORGANS WORKS WITHIN A SPECIFIC PH. A HEALTH VA**NA REQUIRES A PH OF 3.5-4.5. THIS PH LEVEL IS IDEAL FOR SURVIVAL OF LACTO BACILI

Warm & cold water

Benefits of warm water
Warm water is 💯%effective in resolving some health problems 👇including
👉 headache, migraine, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, pain of joints, sudden increase/decrease in heart beat, epilepsy, increase level of cholesterol, cough, bodily discomfort, asthma,hooping cough, blockage of veins,uterus diseases, stomach problems, poor appetite & diseases related to eyes, ears and throat.

How 2 use warm water
Get up early in the morning and drink approximately 4 glasses of warm water when the stomach is empty.

The warm water therapy will resolve many health problems within a short period.
👉Diabetes in 30 days
👉 blood pressure in 30 days
👉 stomach problems within 10 days
👉 blockage of veins in 6 months
👉 uterus and related diseases in 10 days
👉 nose, ear & throat problems within 10 days
👉 heart diseases in 30 days
👉 cholesterol in 4 months
👉 paralysis and epilepsy in 9 months
👋 asthma in 9 months
COLD H2O BaD 4 U
🚿🚿 in the past pipo used to say that if cold water does not affect u at young age, it will harm u at old age😨😨
🚰 cold water closes 4 veins of the 💝 heart and cause's heart💔 attack
🍷🍷 cold drinks are the main reasons of heart attack
🚰 cold water creates problems in the liver,;
Makes fat stick in the liver.
🚰 cold water affects the internal walls of the stomach
🚰 cold water affects the stomach & Large intestine (Colon) resulting into ulcers
🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱🚱

PREPARATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE:

Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas which readily combines with water to form a weak carbonic acid.
Procedures;
Concentrated sulpheric acid is added to oxalic (ethanoic acid) in a round bottomed flask.
The mixture is passed through a Wash bottle containing
Potassium hydroxide solution (POH)
Potassium hydroxide solution is used to dry the. Gas.
It's then collected over water (to absorb any undissolved sulpheric acid)
It's collected by downward delivery because it is denser than air
Success to all candidate s from ßålùkù ñāsøñ

Any one to help me?
NDA is National drug Authority
What of DNA

PREPARATION OF AMMONIA
Amonia is a compound with 1 mole of nitrogen & 3 moles of hydrogen
it does not exist on its own but in plant remains and decaying matter.
It has an irritating choking smell.
Procedures a mixture of calicium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 and ammonium chloride NH4Cl is put in a boiling tube and heated
A delivery tube is clamped on the stand
the open end of the delivery tube is fitted to than lower end of tower containing calcium oxide (CaO) which is being used as a drying agent (CaO)
The mixture in the boiling tube is heated slowly.
Wet ammonia is produced.
During the reaction, calcium chloride (CaCl2) and water v***r are also produced.
Ca(OH)2(aq)+2NH4Cl(aq)----->CaCl2(aq)+2NH3(aq)+H20(g)

NB
sulpheric acid can not be used to dry ammonia because it readily combine with ammonia to form ammonium sulphate.
H2SO4(aq)+2NH3(aq)----->(NH4)2SO4(aq)

calcium oxide is used as a drying agent because it does not react with ammonia in any condition since they are all basic compounds.
CaO(aq)+NH3(aq)------>

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SIDE EFFECTS OF DRINKING ALCOHOL

about 20% of alcohol taken is directly absorbed into the blood stream .
Alcohol interfears with the brain's communication pathways, & can affect the way the brain works.
>> It travels via the brain, heart muscles, & p***s as it weakens them.
>> Weakens heart muscles(myocardium) which can cause heart failure thus lung, liver & kidney problems do to immeasurable heart beats and differency in blood circulation levels.
>> Alcohol causes immediate temporally memory loss once taken. This can lan later result into parmanent memory loss if taken for a long time.

which of the following is alkaline?
A. HCl
B. H2So4
C. NH3Cl
C. SO2