Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, the country's fourth most populous city
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Bern is built on terrain with large differences in altitude. The height difference between the central areas of the city on the banks of the Aare (Matti, Marzoi) and higher areas (Kirchenfeld, Langgasse) reaches 60 meters.
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The two nearest mountains near Bern are Gürten (858 meters) and Bathiger (947 meters). Originally, the city was built on a hilly peninsula surrounded by the Aare River - this provided the city with natural protection during the Middle Ages, but by the beginning of the 19th century, the city had narrow natural boundaries. Bridges were built so that the city could go beyond Aare.
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The city is located in the canton of Bern, on the southern part of the Swiss plateau, 20 km north of the Bernese Alps.
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Since 1983, the old part of Bern[en] has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site[4].
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The majority of the population of Bern speaks German, or rather, Upper German. There is a certain percentage of French-speaking residents.
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Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, the country's fourth most populous city (after Zurich, Geneva and Basel). It is also the capital of the Canton of Bern. The Swiss officially call Bern not the capital, but the "federal city" (German: Bundesstadt).