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Study in Europe, Kharkiv (2026)

13/10/2021

Final call for kharkiv national medical universty admission ...SEp intake 2021

25/09/2021

Reasons to choose Ukraine?

✓ Quality Education FOR ALL INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Globally Recognized Courses (Europe, UK, USA, Asia, Africa, WHO, UNESCO, EUROPEAN COUNCIL, etc.)

✓ Medical degree recognized by WHO, UNESCO, PLAB(UK), USMLE(USA), other Various International Organizations and throughout EU

✓ NO JAMB, IJMB, TOEFL, IELTS, CAMBRIDGE, A.LEVEL, NABTEB, NO ENTRANCE EXAM, ONLY SECONDARY SCHOOL RESULT AND FOR MATERS & PHD INCLUDING UNIVERSITY RESULT.

✓ No Entry Test

✓ No IELTS or TOEFL required

✓ Tuition fee paid on arrival

✓ Cost effective (cheapest European education)

✓ European Life Standard

✓ Worldwide Acceptance of Ukrainian Method of Teaching

✓ English Medium of Instruction

✓ Better Job Prospects

✓ Emphasis on Practical Aspects in Teaching
Moderate Climate around the year

✓ Outstanding International

✓ Faculty One of the Best Transportation systems in Europe

✓ International Students get approximately 30%~ 50% discounts on travel

✓ Enrichment of Experience through Visiting Professors from the USA, CANADA , UK , etc.

✓ Participation of Students in Seminars/Symposia/Project Work, etc. in other European cities-countries

✓ Chances of Permanent Residence & Settlement in Europe after completion of study program

✓ Bilateral Student Exchange Program with Universities in Germany , Sweden , Finland , Czech Republic, Canada, Austria, Russia, Romania etc.

✓ Three Months’ Summer Jobs during vacation in countries i.e. U.K. , SWEDEN and other E.U. countries

24/09/2021

√Quality Education.

√Globally Recognized Courses (WHO, UNESCO, EUROPEAN COUNCIL).

√Cost effective.

√European Life Standard.

√Worldwide Acceptance of Ukrainian Method of Teaching.

√English Medium of Instruction.

✓Better Job Prospects.

✓Emphasis on Practical Aspects in Teaching.

✓Moderate Climate around the year.

✓Outstanding International Faculty.

✓One of the Best Transportation systems in Europe.

✓International Students enjoy approximately 50% discount on travel.

✓Enrichment of Experience through Visiting

✓Professors from USA, CANADA, UK, and Europe.

✓Participation of Students in Seminars/Symposia/Project Work, in other European countries.

✓Bilateral Student Exchange Program with Universities in: UK, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Czech Republic...

✓Three Months Summer Jobs during vacation in countries like U.K., SWEDEN...

✓Chances of Permanent Residence &

✓Settlement in Europe after completion of study program.

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23/09/2021

6 Causes of Knee Pain From Running—And How to Prevent and Treat It???

Whether you're lacing up for your first 5k, training for your next half-marathon, or enjoying an accessible way to get active, running can be a rewarding way to stay fit, get competitive, and just escape the stresses of daily life for a little while.

And while pounding the pavement (or the tread!) offers plenty of incredible benefits for both your mind and your body, it can also often come with some less-than-desirable aches and pains. One particularly common complaint: knee pain.

It's no new concept that running is a high-impact exercise, which means that your joints have to absorb and react to high levels of force—and repeatedly, explains Thanu Jey, DC, CSCS, Clinic Director at Yorkville Sports Medicine Clinic.

Because your knees bear the brunt of this stress, they're a joint many a runner has had some trouble with at one point or another. Thing is, if you're experiencing knee pain while running, you've got to figure out what, exactly, is causing it so that you can show your joints the TLC they need to get back out there comfortably and keep logging those miles for years to come.

Reasons you have knee pain while running
Here are six of the most common causes of cranky knees while running—and what you'll need to do to remedy each so that you can run pain-free.

1. Runner's knee
What causes it: Known amongst docs as "patellofemoral pain syndrome," runner's knee is usually caused by repetitive motions, poor knee-cap alignment from weak and/or tight leg muscles, and occasionally from poor running form, according to Jey.

Where (and how) it hurts: In cases of runner's knee, you'll experience pain under your knee cap or at the front of your knee while running, says Sabrina Strickland, MD, a sports medicine doctor at Hospital for Special Surgery. Another dead giveaway: The pain gets worse when you're on hills or stairs. Jey describes it as a "deep, sharp pain."

How to treat it: Often, runner's knee is a sign of overuse, which means you'll want to rest it for at least two weeks, says Jey. Once you've done that, run on softer surfaces like grass or sand, and ice after every run as you get back in the game. If it's a persistent issue, you might want to consider working with a physical therapist in order to address any muscle weaknesses—particularly in your hips, Dr. Strickland adds.

How to prevent it: First and foremost, increase your mileage slowly and strategically to minimize your risk of overuse injury, Jey suggests. Otherwise, Dr. Strickland recommends pairing your running with plenty of cross-training, stretching, and resistance training to support balanced muscles.

2. IT band syndrome
What causes it: If you have weak hip muscles, your iliotibial band (IT band), a long strip of connective tissue that runs from the outside of your hip to the outside of your knee, deals with extra strain when you run. As a result, it can rub against your thigh bone or knee enough to cause irritation, swelling, and pain known as IT band syndrome or ITBS, according to Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). Jumping right into a run without warming up enough can also spell trouble.

Where (and how) it hurts: You'll feel pain on the outside of your knee—and may even notice some popping or clicking sensations there, per HSS.

How to treat it: As with runner's knee, your best bet for easing ITBS pain is to rest it for at least a week to allow irritation to die down, suggests Jey. Otherwise, foam rolling and stretching regularly is important, Dr. Strickland adds. Commit to spending at least five minutes per day stretching and foam rolling the outer sides of your thighs.

How to prevent it: "A good routine of stretching tight muscles and strengthening hip muscles will do wonders for keeping ITBS from affecting your workout routine," says Jey. Spend a few minutes stretching a few times each day and add hip-strengthening exercises like side-lying abductions and clamshells to your workout and warmup routines.

3. Patellar tendinitis
What causes it: Also referred to as "jumper's knee," patellar tendinitis is an overuse injury that typically crops up because of the impact of jumping and similar movements, explains Jey. In this case, the patellar tendon, which connects your knee cap to your shin bone) becomes inflamed—and even torn. According to Dr. Strickland, running in worn-out shoes that no longer offer proper support can also contribute.

Where (and how) it hurts: Feel a pain just below your knee cap? It's probably patellar tendinitis, since that's exactly where your patellar tendon attaches to your shin bone, says Jey. People with this issue might also notice that pain when they first start running, get up from sitting down, or stretch, adds Dr. Strickland.

How to treat it: As always, ice and rest are your first step when dealing with jumper's knee, says Jey. From there, Dr. Strickland recommends checking whether you need new running shoes, while Jey recommends considering wearing a knee brace that can lessen some of the force put on your patellar tendon.

How to prevent it: For good measure, Dr. Strickland recommends changing your running shoes every 250 to 300 miles. When it comes to your actual training, adding quad-strengthening exercises to your routine (think squats and leg extensions) can help protect your patellar tendon from future trouble.

4. Arthritis
What causes it: In arthritis, the articular cartilage—a smooth, shiny covering on the bones of our joints—wears down, explains Dr. Strickland. For many people, this occurs as the result of years of wear-and-tear on the body or traumatic injury that leads to joint pain, Jey adds.

Where (and how) it hurts: Arthritis can affect any part of your knee—but it's most commonly seen on the inside of the knee, according to Jey.

How to treat it: Doctors typically use anti-inflammatory medications and steroid injections to treat arthritic knees. However, as Jey says: "Motion is lotion. When you have arthritis of the knee, it is important to keep active. Swimming is a great way to keep moving while putting less stress on your joints."

How to prevent it: While there's no guaranteed way to prevent arthritis, limiting the stress put on your knees is your biggest bet in avoiding the pain. One way to do this, the experts agree: Maintain a healthy weight, as being overweight means more impact on your knees every time you move, let alone run.

5. Poor form
What causes it: If you have imbalances in the muscles involved in running—whether strength imbalances or uneven levels of tightness—they can throw off your form and ultimately put extra stress on your knees, says Jey. Of course, exactly what these imbalances look like—and how they mess with your form and knee health—varies from runner to runner.

Where (and how) it hurts: Since there are so many flavors of poor form out there, knee pain caused by them is equally variable. "It can hurt anywhere in the knee joint," says Jey. "However, you'll usually feel it on the inside of the knees or within the knee cap."

How to treat it: Good form is crucial if you want to run pain-free for life, so see a physical therapist who works with a lot of runners, suggests Dr. Strickland. They'll analyze your gait to identify exactly what's going on and prescribe some strengthening exercises accordingly to help you regain balance.

or corrective exercise suggestions before you ramp up, our experts recommend.

6. The wrong shoes
What causes it: Though there's plenty of variation here, too, knee pain that's ultimately the result of wearing the wrong shoes often stems from a lack of arch support. In this case, your feet tend to overpronate or fall inward, which then causes your knees to bow inward, putting more stress not only on your knees, but on your ankles and hips, too, explains Jey.

Where (and how) it hurts: Pain anywhere in your knee could indicate you need different shoes—but in the case of overpronation due to shoes that aren't supportive enough, you'll likely feel pain on the insides of your knees, says Jey.

How to treat it: Head to your local running store or even a podiatrist for recommendations of running shoes that really deliver on arch support. If you're really struggling, consider custom orthotics, which will offer support exactly where you need it most, suggest Jey.

How to prevent it: Sometimes finding the right running shoes for your feet takes a little bit of trial and error, says Dr. Strickland. However, spending the time (and money) at a reputable running shoe store can help you eliminate some of that.

So, when should you stop running because of knee pain?

As tempting as it may be to push through discomfort, "any level of knee pain can be an indicator that you should stop and further examine the cause," says Jey. Otherwise, you put yourself at risk for more issues down the line. Plus, if your cranky knees are the result of taking your running from zero to 100 too quickly, rest (and a healthy reevaluation of your routine) might be just what you need to kick your pain to the curb.

21/09/2021

Pectoris
(Stable Angina)

lady with chest pain

You may have heard the term “angina pectoris” or “stable angina” in your doctor’s office, but what is it, and what could it mean for you? It’s important to understand the basics.

is Angina pectoris?

Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia.

Angina usually causes uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest. You may also feel the discomfort in your neck, jaw, shoulder, back or arm. (Many types of chest discomfort — like heartburn, lung infection or inflammation — aren‘t related to angina.) Angina in women can be different than in men.

does angina pectoris occur?

Angina often occurs when the heart muscle itself needs more blood than it is getting, for example, during times of physical activity or strong emotions. Severely narrowed arteries may allow enough blood to reach the heart when the demand for oxygen is low, such as when you're sitting. But, with physical exertion—like walking up a hill or climbing stairs—the heart works harder and needs more oxygen.

Symptoms of Stable Angina
The pain or discomfort:

✓Occurs when the heart must work harder, ✓usually during physical exertion
✓Doesn't come as a surprise, and episodes of pain tend to be alike
✓Usually lasts a short time (5 minutes or less)
✓Is relieved by rest or medicine
✓May feel like gas or indigestion
✓May feel like chest pain that spreads to the arms, back, or other areas
✓Possible triggers of stable angina include:
✓Emotional stress – learn stress management
✓Exposure to very hot or cold temperatures – ✓learn how cold and hot weather affect the heart.
✓Heavy meals
✓Smoking – learn more about quitting smoking.
✓Track your angina symptoms with our Angina Log.

of Angina Pectoris

People with angina pectoris or sometimes referred to as stable angina have episodes of chest pain. The discomfort that are usually predictable and manageable. You might experience it while running or if you’re dealing with stress.

Normally this type of chest discomfort is relieved with rest, nitroglycerin or both. Nitroglycerin relaxes the coronary arteries and other blood vessels, reducing the amount of blood that returns to the heart and easing the heart's workload. By relaxing the coronary arteries, it increases the heart's blood supply.

If you experience chest discomfort, be sure and visit your doctor for a complete evaluation and, possibly, tests. If you have stable angina and start getting chest pain more easily and more often, see your doctor immediately as you may be experiencing early signs of unstable angina.

20/09/2021

Foods high in vitamin C

-orange

If you chug a glass of orange juice every time you start sniffling, you may be onto something. Though studies show that consuming vitamin C can't actually prevent colds, loading up on this nutrient may help slightly shorten the length of time you're sick and reduce the severity of your symptoms. Thing is, a medium-size orange only has 69.7 mg of vitamin C, which is actually less than that of many other common fruits and veggies. To pack the ultimate vitamin C punch and give your diet more variety, fill up on these 12 super foods.

peppers

c-chili-peppers

A half-cup of chopped or diced chili peppers delivers 107.8 mg of vitamin C. Plus, researchers from the University of Buffalo found that capsaicin, the compound that makes chili peppers hot, may help relieve joint and muscle pain.

bell pepper

-peppers

A cup of chopped red bell pepper contains nearly three times more vitamin C than an orange—190 mg. Red peppers are also a great source of vitamin A, which promotes eye health.

bell pepper

c-greenpepper

A cup of chopped green bell pepper contains less vitamin C than its sweeter sister, but at 120 mg, it's still 200% of your recommended daily allowance. Green bell pepper is also a great source of fiber

c-kale

In addition to twice your recommended daily intake of vitamin A and seven times the recommended amount of vitamin K, a one-cup serving of kale provides 80.4 mg of vitamin C. The nutrition powerhouse also delivers a sizeable dose of minerals and fatty acids.

-broccoli

This cruciferous veggie provides 132 mg of vitamin C plus a punch of filling fiber for just 30 calories per serving. Plus, research shows broccoli may have cancer-preventing properties.

c-strawberries

A cup of this superfruit contains 84.7 mg of vitamin C, plus healthy doses of folate and other compounds shown to promote heart health. Another unexpected benefit of strawberries? They may help whiten your teeth naturally.

10/08/2021

What is the Delta-Plus Variant?

Human coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes that surround the virus. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is no exception. It's covered in spike proteins that help the virus enter healthy cells.

The Delta-plus variant carries a specific spike-protein mutation called K417N. According to the Washington Post, that same mutation has been found in some substrains of Alpha, which had been the dominant strain in the US this spring until Delta took hold.

"Interestingly enough, this exact same mutation appeared in the Beta variant, and the Beta variant has been out-competed by the Delta variant," Kenneth Stedman, PhD, professor of biology at Portland State University in Oregon, tells Health. "So it may turn out that Delta-plus is actually worse than Delta. We don't know."

did Delta-plus originate?

First identified in Europe in March, Delta-plus has since been found in several other counties, including the US, per Washington Post reporting.

In a technical briefing published in June, Public Health England noted that routine scanning of the Delta variant led to the detection of a small number of genomic sequences with the K417N spike protein mutation.

India's health ministry classified AY.1 as a "variant of concern" in June, per the BBC. That designation indicates that it's more transmissible, binds more easily to lung cells, and is potentially resistant to monoclonal antibody therapy, the news organization reported.

Public health officials in South Korea have detected the country's first two cases of Delta-plus, Reuters reported earlier this week.

06/08/2021

Is Constipation a Symptom of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say?

You know your bathroom habits better than anyone. So when you suddenly can't p**p the way you normally do because you're constipated, you probably have some questions. And, given that we're in the middle of a global pandemic, it's beyond OK to wonder if COVID-19 could have something to do with it.

But while doctors say that constipation alone isn't a common sign of COVID-19, there are a few things about COVID and its treatments that could cause you to get stopped up. Here's what you need to know about the link between constipation and COVID-19.

What usually causes constipation?
Constipation is a condition where you're not p**ping often or having difficulty p**ping, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

There's a massive range of things that can lead to constipation, per the NIDDK, including:

Slow movement of your colon
Difficulty emptying your colon thanks to a pelvic floor disorder
A functional gastrointestinal disorder like irritable bowel syndrome
Certain medications and supplements, including antacids, diuretics, iron supplements, narcotics, and some antidepressants

✓ Pregnancy
✓Getting older
✓Traveling
✓Ignoring the urge to go
✓Changing how much and what you eat
✓Not eating enough fiber
✓Being dehydrated
✓Not exercising enough
✓Disorders of the brain and spine, like ✓Parkinson's disease
✓Conditions that affect your metabolism, like diabetes
✓Conditions that impact your hormones, like ✓hypothyroidism
✓Intestinal obstructions
✓Anatomic issues with your GI tract

So can COVID-19 cause constipation?
There is some data that links patients with COVID-19 and constipation, but it's not very strong.

A case study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology in May 2020 details the story of a man with COVID-19 who went to the hospital with a fever, cough, nausea, stomach pain, and constipation. He had a CT scan, which found that he had a condition called colonic ileus, which is when the intestinal muscles stop contracting. Worth noting: Another patient featured in the case report also had COVID-19 and GI symptoms, but they had diarrhea—not constipation

GI symptoms included constipation, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dark, sticky p**p that usually indicates internal bleeding. Diarrhea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom, affecting 6.1% of patients.

Some common medications used to treat more severe forms of COVID-19, including the anti-viral drug remdesivir, can lead to constipation in some cases, according to a study published earlier this year in the European Journal of Pharmacology.

In all of these situations, though, constipation wasn't the lone symptom people had of COVID-19. And given how prevalent constipation is in the general population (an estimated 42 million people in the US deal with constipation), it's difficult to say if COVID-19 actually causes the condition or if it's a coincidence when it does happen in COVID-19 patients, John Sellick, DO, an infectious disease doctor and professor of medicine at the University at Buffalo/SUNY, tells Health.

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Is Constipation a Symptom of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say
Is Constipation a Symptom of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say
There might be a link—so we asked doctors to explain it.

By Korin Miller
August 04, 2021
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You know your bathroom habits better than anyone. So when you suddenly can't p**p the way you normally do because you're constipated, you probably have some questions. And, given that we're in the middle of a global pandemic, it's beyond OK to wonder if COVID-19 could have something to do with it.

But while doctors say that constipation alone isn't a common sign of COVID-19, there are a few things about COVID and its treatments that could cause you to get stopped up. Here's what you need to know about the link between constipation and COVID-19.

RELATED: Is a Nosebleed a Sign of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say

CREDIT: GETTY IMAGES
What usually causes constipation?
Constipation is a condition where you're not p**ping often or having difficulty p**ping, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

There's a massive range of things that can lead to constipation, per the NIDDK, including:

Slow movement of your colon
Difficulty emptying your colon thanks to a pelvic floor disorder
A functional gastrointestinal disorder like irritable bowel syndrome
Certain medications and supplements, including antacids, diuretics, iron supplements, narcotics, and some antidepressants
Pregnancy
Getting older
Traveling
Ignoring the urge to go
Changing how much and what you eat
Not eating enough fiber
Being dehydrated
Not exercising enough
Disorders of the brain and spine, like Parkinson's disease
Conditions that affect your metabolism, like diabetes
Conditions that impact your hormones, like hypothyroidism
Intestinal obstructions
Anatomic issues with your GI tract

What are the symptoms of constipation?
You can consider yourself constipated if you have the following symptoms, according to the NIDDK:

Fewer than three bowel movements a week
P**p that is hard, dry, or lumpy
P**p that is difficult or painful to pass
A feeling that not all p**p has passed
RELATED: Is Diarrhea a Symptom of COVID-19? New Study Says Digestive Issues May Be Common With Coronavirus

What are the signs of COVID-19, again?
This is the official list of COVID-19 symptoms, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

Fever or chills
Cough
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Fatigue
Muscle or body aches
Headache
New loss of taste or smell
Sore throat
Congestion or runny nose
Nausea or vomiting
Diarrhea
RELATED: Is Vomiting a Symptom of COVID-19? Here's What Doctors Say

So can COVID-19 cause constipation?
There is some data that links patients with COVID-19 and constipation, but it's not very strong.

A case study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology in May 2020 details the story of a man with COVID-19 who went to the hospital with a fever, cough, nausea, stomach pain, and constipation. He had a CT scan, which found that he had a condition called colonic ileus, which is when the intestinal muscles stop contracting. Worth noting: Another patient featured in the case report also had COVID-19 and GI symptoms, but they had diarrhea—not constipation.

A study published in the Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection in 2020 detailed the symptoms of people with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Iran. GI symptoms included constipation, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dark, sticky p**p that usually indicates internal bleeding. Diarrhea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom, affecting 6.1% of patients.

Some common medications used to treat more severe forms of COVID-19, including the anti-viral drug remdesivir, can lead to constipation in some cases, according to a study published earlier this year in the European Journal of Pharmacology.

In all of these situations, though, constipation wasn't the lone symptom people had of COVID-19. And given how prevalent constipation is in the general population (an estimated 42 million people in the US deal with constipation), it's difficult to say if COVID-19 actually causes the condition or if it's a coincidence when it does happen in COVID-19 patients, John Sellick, DO, an infectious disease doctor and professor of medicine at the University at Buffalo/SUNY, tells Health.

FWIW: Doctors also haven't really seen this in the field. "Constipation isn't something I've seen as a COVID symptom," infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, tells Health. "When GI symptoms are present, it is usually diarrhea."

Dr. Sellick agrees. "Usually when I see a patient who says they have new constipation in the setting of an infection, it's because they're dehydrated," he explains. Given that it's summer and hot outside, and that makes you more likely to sweat, your constipation risk can go up if you're not replacing those fluids—whether you have COVID-19 or not, he says.

Explore
Health.com
HOME
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CORONAVIRUS
Is Constipation a Symptom of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say
Is Constipation a Symptom of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say
There might be a link—so we asked doctors to explain it.

By Korin Miller
August 04, 2021
Save
Pin
FB

More

You might like×

Is a Nosebleed a Sign of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say

Is It Safe to Go to an Outdoor Concert? Here's What Experts Say About Your COVID Risk

Glaucoma Symptoms You Need to Know, According to Experts

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What Is a COVID 'Breakthrough' Infection—And What Should You Do If You Get One?

Having a Baby Completely Changed the Way I P**p—Here's What I Want Other Moms to Know

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You know your bathroom habits better than anyone. So when you suddenly can't p**p the way you normally do because you're constipated, you probably have some questions. And, given that we're in the middle of a global pandemic, it's beyond OK to wonder if COVID-19 could have something to do with it.

But while doctors say that constipation alone isn't a common sign of COVID-19, there are a few things about COVID and its treatments that could cause you to get stopped up. Here's what you need to know about the link between constipation and COVID-19.

RELATED: Is a Nosebleed a Sign of COVID-19? Here's What Experts Say

CREDIT: GETTY IMAGES
What usually causes constipation?
Constipation is a condition where you're not p**ping often or having difficulty p**ping, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

There's a massive range of things that can lead to constipation, per the NIDDK, including:

Slow movement of your colon
Difficulty emptying your colon thanks to a pelvic floor disorder
A functional gastrointestinal disorder like irritable bowel syndrome
Certain medications and supplements, including antacids, diuretics, iron supplements, narcotics, and some antidepressants
Pregnancy
Getting older
Traveling
Ignoring the urge to go
Changing how much and what you eat
Not eating enough fiber
Being dehydrated
Not exercising enough
Disorders of the brain and spine, like Parkinson's disease
Conditions that affect your metabolism, like diabetes
Conditions that impact your hormones, like hypothyroidism
Intestinal obstructions
Anatomic issues with your GI tract

What are the symptoms of constipation?
You can consider yourself constipated if you have the following symptoms, according to the NIDDK:

Fewer than three bowel movements a week
P**p that is hard, dry, or lumpy
P**p that is difficult or painful to pass
A feeling that not all p**p has passed
RELATED: Is Diarrhea a Symptom of COVID-19? New Study Says Digestive Issues May Be Common With Coronavirus

What are the signs of COVID-19, again?
This is the official list of COVID-19 symptoms, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

Fever or chills
Cough
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Fatigue
Muscle or body aches
Headache
New loss of taste or smell
Sore throat
Congestion or runny nose
Nausea or vomiting
Diarrhea
RELATED: Is Vomiting a Symptom of COVID-19? Here's What Doctors Say

So can COVID-19 cause constipation?
There is some data that links patients with COVID-19 and constipation, but it's not very strong.

A case study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology in May 2020 details the story of a man with COVID-19 who went to the hospital with a fever, cough, nausea, stomach pain, and constipation. He had a CT scan, which found that he had a condition called colonic ileus, which is when the intestinal muscles stop contracting. Worth noting: Another patient featured in the case report also had COVID-19 and GI symptoms, but they had diarrhea—not constipation.

A study published in the Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection in 2020 detailed the symptoms of people with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Iran. GI symptoms included constipation, stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dark, sticky p**p that usually indicates internal bleeding. Diarrhea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom, affecting 6.1% of patients.

Some common medications used to treat more severe forms of COVID-19, including the anti-viral drug remdesivir, can lead to constipation in some cases, according to a study published earlier this year in the European Journal of Pharmacology.

In all of these situations, though, constipation wasn't the lone symptom people had of COVID-19. And given how prevalent constipation is in the general population (an estimated 42 million people in the US deal with constipation), it's difficult to say if COVID-19 actually causes the condition or if it's a coincidence when it does happen in COVID-19 patients, John Sellick, DO, an infectious disease doctor and professor of medicine at the University at Buffalo/SUNY, tells Health.

FWIW: Doctors also haven't really seen this in the field. "Constipation isn't something I've seen as a COVID symptom," infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, tells Health. "When GI symptoms are present, it is usually diarrhea."

Dr. Sellick agrees. "Usually when I see a patient who says they have new constipation in the setting of an infection, it's because they're dehydrated," he explains. Given that it's summer and hot outside, and that makes you more likely to sweat, your constipation risk can go up if you're not replacing those fluids—whether you have COVID-19 or not, he says.

"Yes, you might have constipation and COVID-19, but it's likely not constipation caused by COVID," Dr. Sellick adds.

The information in this story is accurate as of press time. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. While Health is trying to keep our stories as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources.

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