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Taiwania is an open acess and peer-reviewed journal issued quarterly with one volume per year. Taiwania publishes scientific papers on all aspects related to biodiversity, including taxonomy, phylogeny, morphology, genetics, ecology, floristics, and evolutionary biology, at all levels of organization from molecular, organismal, to ecosystems.

13/07/2026

Two new species of 𝘗𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘢 (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) endemic to tropical subalpine ultramafic forest in the Philippines

Mary Ann C. Bautista, Maverick N. Tamayo, Jean Marie L. Diego, Peter W. Fritsch, Rene Alfred Anton Bustamante, Jiro T. Adorador

Published on: 13 July 2026

Page: 597 - 606

DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.597

2026 vol.71 no.3
pp.597-606

Abstract
Two new species of 𝘗𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘢 (Rubiaceae) endemic to tropical subalpine ultramafic forest in the Philippines, namely 𝘗. 𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘪 from Mt. Guiting-Guiting in Sibuyan Island and 𝘗. 𝘵𝘢𝘨𝘣𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘮 from the Victoria–Anepahan Mountain Range and Mt. Mantalingahan on Palawan Island, are described and illustrated. Both species are morphologically similar to 𝘗. 𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘺𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴 of the Gitingensis group but differ in having smaller coriaceous leaves with fewer secondary veins. Additionally, 𝘗. 𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘪 differs in its shorter inflorescence, sessile flowers, and ridged pyrenes, whereas 𝘗. 𝘵𝘢𝘨𝘣𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘮 differs in its puberulent petioles and deltoid bracteoles. Both species also resemble 𝘗. 𝘮𝘢𝘤𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘨𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘪 of the Subalpina group but differ in their monochotomous inflorescences. These discoveries raise the number of 𝘗𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘢 species known in the Philippines to 117, highlighting the country’s unique floristic assemblage of tropical subalpine ultramafic forest and underscoring the urgent need to protect these habitats and preserve their ecological integrity.

Keyword: endemic, Malesia, Mt. Guiting-Guiting, Mt. Victoria, Palawan, 𝘗𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘢 𝘣𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘪, 𝘗𝘴𝘺𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘢 𝘵𝘢𝘨𝘣𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘢𝘳𝘶𝘮, Sibuyan

11/07/2026

𝘙𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘶𝘴 𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘷𝘶𝘴 (Gesneriaceae), a new species from the limestone karst areas, Northern Vietnam

Zi-Bing Xin, Yi-Gang Wei, Stephen Maciejewski, Jia-Xin Fu, Xiao-Mao Qian, Fang Wen, Truong Van Do
Published on: 11 July 2026
Page: 592 - 596
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.592
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2207

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.592-596

Abstract
𝘙𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘶𝘴 𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘷𝘶𝘴 Y.G.Wei, F.Wen, Z.B.Xin, & T.V.Do, a new species from Ninh Bình Province and Hanoi City, Vietnam, is described and illustrated. This species is morphologically similar to 𝘙. 𝘢𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘳 (Drake) B.L.Burtt but can be distinguished by its stem height, absence of scabrous punctations, internode length, 3-whorled leaves, leaf size and indumentum, axillary inflorescences, corolla length, color and indumentum, and 2-lipped corolla limb. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, this new species has been provisionally assessed as Least Concern (LC).

Keyword: Cuc Phuong National Park, Flora of Vietnam, Huong Pagoda, new taxon, 𝘙𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘶𝘴 𝘢𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘳

10/07/2026

Discovery of a new species and a new record of the tribe Enarmoniini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from India

Sudipa Das, Santhosh Naik, Pathour Rajendra Shashank
Published on: 10 July 2026
Page: 581 - 591
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.581
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2206

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.581-591

Abstract
The present study describes 𝘌𝘶𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢 𝘴𝘩𝘺𝘢𝘮𝘢 sp. nov. as new to science and reports 𝘛𝘦𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘢 𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘷𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘴 Kuznetzov, 1988 as a new record for India under the tribe Enarmoniini Diakonoff, 1953 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Diagnostic characters of the adults and genitalia are provided along with illustrations and compared with the congeneric species. The description of new species is supported by DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Phylogenetic relationships among 𝘌𝘶𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢 species were inferred using a Neighbor-joining analyses, and species delimitation was further supported by pairwise genetic distance estimates. In addition, updated checklists of the globally recorded species of 𝘌𝘶𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢 Diakonoff, 1975 and 𝘛𝘦𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘢 Diakonoff, 1968 are provided, including their type localities, holotype information, synonyms, and global distributional records.

Keyword: DNA barcoding, 𝘌𝘶𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢 𝘴𝘩𝘺𝘢𝘮𝘢, microlepidoptera, micromoths, morphology, 𝘛𝘦𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘮𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘢 𝘧𝘭𝘢𝘷𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘴

09/07/2026

A novel species of the genus 𝘉𝘰𝘭𝘣𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘶𝘴 (Bolbitaceae) from the Northwestern Himalaya of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Sandhya Rajput, Ayushi Mahajan, Komal Verma, Yash Pal Sharma
Published on: 09 July 2026
Page: 574 - 580
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.574
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2205

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.574-580

Abstract
A new species belonging to the genus 𝘉𝘰𝘭𝘣𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘶𝘴 (𝘉. 𝘬𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘵𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴) is proposed here from India based on the combination of unique macro- and micro-morphological features and molecular evidence. The novelty of this species is confirmed by nrITS-based phylogenetic study and its separate placement within the phylogenetic tree. This species was found on cow dung and distinguished by its basidiocarp having a pileus with a dark broad umbo, slightly viscid, non-glabrous, fibrillose surface, being brownish grey at periphery and dark brown towards the center. A comprehensive description, illustrations, comparisons with morphologically closely related taxa and phylogenetic analysis are presented here.

Keyword: Basidiomycota, 𝘉𝘰𝘭𝘣𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘶𝘴 𝘬𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘵𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴, coprophilous, macrofungi, phylogeny, systematics

02/07/2026

Morphological and molecular evidence for the recognition of 𝘎𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘮𝘢 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘴 (A. Gray) Kuprian. (Lamiaceae) in Korea

Ju Eun Jang, Hye Been Kim, Kang-Hyup Lee, Eun Su Kang, Gyu Young Chung, Jae Young Kim, Won-Bum Cho, D**g Chan Son
Published on: 02 July 2026
Page: 566 - 573
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.566
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2204

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.566-573

Abstract
The genus 𝘎𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘮𝘢 L. (Lamiaceae) has long been regarded as monotypic in Korea, represented solely by 𝘎. 𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘢 (Nakai) Kuprian. However, recent field surveys and herbarium studies have revealed the occurrence of 𝘎𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘮𝘢 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘴 (A. Gray) Kuprian. in Korea, a species previously overlooked or misidentified as 𝘎. 𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘢. To clarify its taxonomic identity, we conducted morphological comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA) of floral characters, and phylogenetic analyses based on nrDNA ITS sequences. Our results show that 𝘎. 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘴 is clearly distinguished from 𝘎. 𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘢 by the shape of the calyx teeth and the relative length of the bracteoles to the pedicels. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of 𝘎. 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘴 as a distinct lineage. These findings confirm the presence of two 𝘎𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘮𝘢 species in Korea. Here, we provide a taxonomic treatment, including an updated key to the Korean species and a detailed description for 𝘎. 𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘴.

Keyword: East Asia, 𝘎𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘮𝘢, 𝘎𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘮𝘢 𝘭𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘢, Korea, Lamiaceae, species delimitation, taxonomy

01/07/2026

Studies on the Araceae of Sulawesi II: Two new species of 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 (Araceae—Alocasieae) from South and Southeast Sulawesi

Ni Putu Sri Asih, Agung Kurniawan, Tri Warseno, Aninda Retno Utami Wibowo
Published on: 01 July 2026
Page: 559 - 565
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.559
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2203

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.559-565

Abstract
Two new Indonesian species of 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 (Araceae) are described from material cultivated in Bali Botanic Garden: 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘱𝘢 Asih & Wibowo originally collected from Latimojong Regency, South Sulawesi and 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 𝘬𝘰𝘭𝘢𝘬𝘢𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴 Asih & Wibowo originally from Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The species are assigned respectively in the 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 𝘓𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘭𝘰𝘣𝘢 and Puber groups. A key to the species of 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 of Sulawesi is provided.

Keyword: 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘱𝘢, 𝘈𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘢 𝘬𝘰𝘭𝘢𝘬𝘢𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴, endemic, Kolaka Regency, Latimojong, Longiloba, Puber, Sulawesi

30/06/2026

𝘊𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘺𝘣𝘪𝘰𝘱𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘢 (Omphalotaceae), a new species from India

Shikha Choudhary, Yash Pal Sharma, Priyanka Uniyal
Published on: 30 June 2026
Page: 552 - 558
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.552
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2202

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.552-558

Abstract
𝘊𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘺𝘣𝘪𝘰𝘱𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘢 is proposed here as a new species. It was collected from the Western Himalaya and is characterised herein by its convex to conico-campanulate pileus with a slight umbo, with long stipe having white fibrillose hairs all over the stipe surface and presence of pleurocystidia and large hypha-like pileocystidia and cheilocystidia arranged in clusters. A detailed morphological description and nrITS-based phylogenetic tree are accompanied by illustrations and comparison with allied species.

Keyword: Basidiomycota, nrITS, phylogeny, taxonomy, Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya

26/06/2026

Taxonomic notes on the genus 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘢 (lichenized ascomycetes) from India

Vishal Kumar, Dalip Kumar Upreti, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Yash Pal Sharma
Published on: 26 June 2026
Page: 546 - 551
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.546
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2201

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.546-551

Abstract
As a part of ongoing revisionary studies of the Indian Verrucariaceae, the type specimen of 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘢 was re-examined, which revealed additional characters for the genus. Additionally, 𝘈. 𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘬𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘬𝘢𝘯𝘢 is proposed as new to science. The new species is characterized by continuous to rimose-areolate, pale-grey to brownish-grey thallus, completely immersed perithecia arising marginally to submarginally, 8-spored asci and simple, hyaline ascospores measuring 20–30 × 7–12.5 µm. The new taxon is distributed in central and south India.

Keyword: 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘬𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘬𝘢𝘯𝘢, 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘢, central India, diversity, revision, taxonomy, Verrucariales

25/06/2026

Unveiling a new species of 𝘚𝘶𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 (Boletales, Basidiomycota) from the temperate forests of Jammu & Kashmir

Sweta Rajput, Kanad Das, Yash Pal Sharma
Published on: 25 June 2026
Page: 538 - 545
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.538
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2200

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.538-545

Abstract
𝘚𝘶𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘩𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘴 is described from the temperate forests of Jammu and Kashmir, India, as new to science. The species is presented with both macro- and micromorphological characterization, along with a two-locus (nrITS and nrLSU) phylogenetic analysis. The discovery contributes to knowledge of the diversity of Boletaceae in the Indian subcontinent and further highlights the significance of the Himalayan region as a potential hotspot for harbouring diverse funga. A detailed description, accompanied by illustrations and phylogenetic inferences, is provided herein.

Keyword: Boletaceae, India, Jammu and Kashmir, nrITS, nrLSU, 𝘚𝘶𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴, 𝘚𝘶𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘩𝘪𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘴

09/06/2026

𝘈𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢, a new species of Aristolochiaceae from Nujiang Canyon, Yunnan, China

Xinjie Zhao, Jidong Ya, Zirui Guo, Cheng Liu, Wei Zhang, Qi Peng, Hui Yang, Ting Zhang, Yifan Wang
Published on: 09 June 2026
Page: 531 - 537
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2026.71.531
https://taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/2199

Taiwania 2026 vol.71 no.3: pp.531-537

Abstract
𝘈𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘢 is described and illustrated herein as a new species of 𝘈𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 subg. 𝘚𝘪𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘴𝘪𝘢 from Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. The species is readily recognized by its pendulous, bright orange, tridentate calyx limb, a striking floral configuration not documented in any other members of the subgenus. It is currently known from only two extant populations occurring on opposite slopes of the Nujiang River valley, indicating a high degree of regional endemism. Owing to its extremely restricted distribution and small population size, the species is preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered under the IUCN Red List criteria and qualifies as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP). Detailed morphological descriptions, comparative analyses with allied species, illustrations, and a distribution map are provided to clarify its taxonomic placement and to further document the diversity of 𝘈𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 in this region.

Keyword: 𝘈𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 𝘰𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘲𝘶𝘢, 𝘈𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 𝘴𝘢𝘯𝘩𝘦𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴, Critically Endangered, extremely small populations, Salween, vine

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