04/03/2024
ChatGPT 說沒問題就沒問題了嗎?
ChatGPT 功能強大,能幫英文老師解決批改作文、出題、設計教材等勞/腦力密集的工作,更已成為許多人寫英文時「參考」(抄襲?)的對象或文法檢查的工具。只不過根據我的使用經驗,教、學英文完全靠 ChatGPT 至少在目前還是不保險。若我們不精進本身的英文程度,很可能被 ChatGPT 誤導而不自知。最近又遇到一個好例子。且看此句:
For those opposed to caging wild animals but would like to learn more about them, or for those simply interested in a unique, high-tech experience, the Hologram Zoo in Brisbane, Australia, is a must-visit.
乍看之下似乎沒什麼問題,ChatGPT 也認可:
The sentence is well-constructed and effectively conveys the information about the Hologram Zoo in Brisbane, Australia, as a must-visit destination for individuals with different interests. … Overall, the sentence effectively communicates the intended message. (本句結構很好……有效傳達了欲表達的信息。)
我又問這句的文法是否正確,答案是肯定的:
Yes, the sentence is grammatically correct. It effectively communicates the idea that the Hologram Zoo in Brisbane is worth visiting for individuals who are opposed to caging wild animals, as well as for those who are simply interested in a unique, high-tech experience. (本句文法正確……有效傳達了……)
但其實,這句開頭讀起來聲音不對。英文句子如果讀起來聲音對,文法通常就對;聲音不對,文法也不會對。(但文法對,聲音不一定對,非母語者的寫作中就常出現文法正確但聲音不對的彆扭句子。)
For those opposed to caging wild animals 聲音沒問題,但 but 是對等連接詞,告訴我們的大腦要準備接收一個和 opposed to… 結構對等的聲音,也就是另一個形容詞短語,來共同承接 those(例如:For those [opposed to caging wild animals] but [intrigued by virtual experiences]….)。但原句 but 後面接的是 would like to…(動詞短語),這麼一來聲音就不對了,因為此時句子結構變成:
For those [opposed to caging wild animals] but [would like to learn more about them]….
聲音不對,因為 but 連結的「形容詞短語」和「動詞短語」不是對等結構,而且 those opposed to… 很順,但 (those) would like to… 不順(因為文法有誤)。因此語感告訴我們:This doesn’t sound right! Something’s wrong!
怎麼辦呢?把省略的 who are 放回去就可以了:For those who [are opposed to caging wild animals] but [would like to learn more about them], or for those simply interested in a unique, high-tech experience, the Hologram Zoo in Brisbane, Australia, is a must-visit. 這樣一來,對等連接詞 but 所連接的就是兩個動詞短語 are opposed to caging wild animals 和 would like to learn more about them,二者共同承接 those who。這樣聲音就對了,收工!
有人可能會主張原句的原始結構還是有 who are,只是被省略了,所以原句也不能算錯吧!我想這就是 Naomi S. Baron 在談 AI 翻譯時所說 “enough” vs. “good” 的問題。沒有 who are 也許(只是也許!)是 enough,但有 who are 才有 good 的順暢感。Writing is always a process of making choices. 以此句而言,有 who are 會是比較好的選擇。