07/10/2024
文化思想史研究室演講
講題：Thinking like a Roman Jurist, From Ancient to Modern Legal Reasoning
主講人：Professor Dario Mantovani (Chair of Law, Culture and Society of Ancient Rome, College de France)
主持人：張谷銘教授 (中研院史語所副研究員)
時間：2024年10月29日(週二)下午4:00-6:00
地點：中研院史語所研究大樓七樓701會議室
合辦：中研院法律所、史語所世界史研究室、史語所制度與社會研究室
摘要：
法律推論的古今：羅馬法學家如何思考？
對於許多市民法傳統的當代法律體系而言，古代羅馬的法律的影響早已有之，並持續不衰。這些影響過去主要透過（歐洲）的各大學傳承。當然，大學這個體制本身的誕生與內部組織，就是為了研究查士丁尼的《市民法大全》。這首先在義大利的波隆納發生，接著傳播到世界各地。羅馬法之所以能廣為流傳，原因很多，但其中最主要的是羅馬法學家思考法律的方式。因此，講者嘗試設身處地，想像自己是古代的法學家，試圖從內部來理解這一種特異的思考方式。羅馬法學家討論到的問題包括了：是什麼使得事物經過一段時間仍然可以被認為是同一個事物？在某人所有的土地底下若是挖掘出寶物，這個寶物歸誰所有？「救生艇」是「船」嗎？他們對這些問題給出的答案有其邏輯，並且不僅遵守法律秩序，也符合牽涉其中的經濟與社會利益。本場演講將透過細讀文本來解剖羅馬法律思想，因為將我們最緊密連結到古代的正是文本。本場演講也會討論法學家的推論如何取代了古代文化的其他面向，使得法律文本不僅是了解當今法律思維的關鍵，更是認識古代世界的有力史料。（中研院法律所吳宗謀老師譯）
Thinking like a Roman jurist. From ancient to modern legal reasoning.
The law of ancient Rome has had and continues to have a considerable influence on many modern legal systems belonging to the "civil law" tradition. This influence has mainly passed through the universities. Indeed, the very structure of the university was born and articulated around the study of Justinian's Corpus Iuris Civilis, first in Italy, in Bologna, then spreading throughout the world. The reasons for this success of Roman law are manifold, but the main reason lies in the way Roman jurists thought about law. Therefore, we will try to place ourselves in the shoes of an ancient jurist, trying to understand from within this peculiar way of thinking. Roman jurists addressed questions such as: What makes something identical to itself in the course of time? To whom does a treasure found in someone else's land belong? Is a lifeboat a ship? Their answers to such questions were logical and respectful not just of the legal order but also of the economic and social interests at stake. This talk will present an anatomy of Roman legal thought through the close reading of texts, as texts are the strongest thread linking us to antiquity. It will also pay attention to how the jurists' reasoning took over other aspects of ancient culture, making juristic texts not only a key to modern legal thinking, but also a powerful source of knowledge of the ancien world.
