We Harvest South Sudan

Women For Change (WFC)… empowers women farmers with training, land rights support and cooperative business…

If women had equal access to the market and resources, farm yields could rise by 20% - 30% significantly reducing Global Hunger

estimates that if women had the same access to resources as men, Agricultural output could increase by up to 30%

We Harvest South Sudan (Michael Lo Lumori Ladu Emmanuel Momo Serit Ladu Victor Jadason Amba Delight Farm fans) research 🧐, women comprise around 43% of the Agricultural labor force in 🇸🇸

Need to determine and focus on ✊
✅ Access to Resources
✅ Capacity Building
✅ Market Access
✅ Entrepreneurship Support
✅ Policy and Advocacy

*For the Nation, with the Farmers*

DID U KNOW!!!!….. Farmers in Yei County are optimistic about a bountiful harvest this year, attributing their hopes to improved farming techniques and timely rainfall. During a recent visit to Yei County (Central Equatoria State). Yei Field Manager and met with local farmers and the leaders of a newly enrolled farmer group. The meeting highlighted the group’s enthusiasm and readiness to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices promoted by , aiming to boost productivity and ensure food security in the state.

For the Nation, with the Farmers…
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DID U KNOW!….. In 🇸🇸 women contribute to 38.5% of the Country’s GDP in Economy….


*For the Nation, with the Farmers*

To effectively manage poultry during the rainy season, focus on maintaining a dry and well-ventilated housing environment, ensuring proper nutrition, and implementing preventative measures for diseases. This includes repairing leaks, managing litter, adjusting feed formulations, and monitoring for signs of illness.

✅ Housing Management:
•Dry and Leak-Free: Ensure the poultry house is dry, well-ventilated, and free from leaks. Regular maintenance and repairs are crucial to prevent water ingress.
•Litter Management: Maintain a clean, dry litter by regularly removing and replacing old litter.
•Ventilation: Proper ventilation helps remove excess moisture and maintain a healthy environment.
•Overhangs: Ensure the roof overhangs are at least 3-4 feet to prevent direct rainwater entry.

✅ Feeding and Nutrition:
•Adjust Feed: Adjust feed formulations to account for reduced foraging during the rainy season. Consider adding fats or oils to the diet to increase energy intake.
•Quality Feed: Feed high-quality poultry feeds from reputable suppliers to ensure a strong immune system.
•Prevent Feed Contamination: Store feed in a dry place to prevent contamination and mold growth.
•Water Availability: Ensure clean, fresh water is readily available, especially if drinking from the ground is a concern.

✅ Health Management:
•Monitor for Disease: Regularly monitor birds for signs of illness, such as lethargy, decreased appetite, or diarrhea.
•Biosecurity: Implement strict biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of diseases, including cleaning and disinfecting equipment, and controlling access to the farm.
•Consult Veterinarian: If any signs of illness are observed, consult with a poultry veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment.

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✅ COMMON MISTAKES POULTRY FARMERS DO !!!!!!!!

🐣 FAILING TO NOTICE A SICK BIRD IN TIME
Farmers to be accustomed to normal bird behavior so that they can timely identify sick birds in the flock and remove them for treatment before it spread the disease.
🐣 USE CARDBOARD BOXES AS BROODERS
There are high chances of poor ventilation, crowding and only a limited number of chicks are brooding.
Farmers also tend to cover these boxes with blankets to warm the chicks hence minimizing ventilation surface.
🐣 USE OF SAWDUST FOR BEDDING
Sawdust causes crop impaction as birds are susceptible to consuming them. They also increase chances of respiratory challenges to the birds as they can breathe the dust.
🐣 EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURES AT BROODING
These often results in pasted vents, stress and eventually raised heating bills.
🐣 PLASTIC SHEETING AS SIDE CURTAIN
Problems with wet litter are associated with this action. It increases chances of respiratory infections on a flock.
🐣 OVERFILLING FEEDERS
This causes feed spoilage and wastage thus reducing high potential profit margins raising FCR.
🐣 HIGH STOCKING DENSITY
Often results in poor uniformity due to competition on the available, chick piling and crushing, vent pecking and cannibalism.

✅ IMPORTANCE OF FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR)

As a sound poultry farmer, it is important to evaluate your input and assess if it is translating to the desired output. In simple terms you must have value for your money.

🐣 Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the most efficient way to measure the correlation between your input and output with regards to broiler management.
🐣 If you use poor quality feed, it will take a larger volume of feed to produce a given quantity of meat by weight and vice versa.
🐣 In broiler management, feed is the greatest expense (approximately 70% of production costs). It is thus imperative to measure the performance of the feed and this is achieved by calculating FCR.
🐣 Knowledge on feed consumption required to produce a desired weight can help the farmer determine the profitability of the project.

✅ WHAT IS FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR)?

⬆️ The measure of the efficiency with which broilers convert feed consumed to meat production.
⬆️ In simple terms it refers to the amount of feed needed to produce 1kg of broiler live bodyweight.
⬆️ The lower the FCR value, the more efficient the broiler is in converting feed to meat.
⬆️ A reasonable FCR value of an efficient broiler must be below 2 (two).

✅ FACTORS AFFECTING FCR IN BROILERS.

🐣 Genetics - cobb 500 is a fast growing breed that is highly efficient in converting feed to meat production.
🐣 Feed - It is highly recommended to purchase feed from a reputable supplier. Poor feed quality affects meat production and carcass quality.
🐣 Management - (Temperature, air quality, water availability and quality,litter/bedding management and light intensity and distribution).
🐣 Stress and diseases - Sick birds do not grow well. Avoid any stress inducing factors like noise and rough bird handling as this affects the broilers’ performance due to unnecessary and unproductive energy expenditure.

RECOMMENDED LITTER DEPTH IN POULTRY MANAGEMENT

🐣 Recommended litter depth in poultry (broilers/layers) is 7-10cm.
🐣 Shallow litter depth has a negative impact on growth and productivity in poultry.
🐣 Using litter depth that is more than recommended may not have negative implications on the birds, however it comes with increased cost of production.

✅ THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ADEQUATE LITTER DEPTH
N POULTRY MANAGEMENT
🐣 Creates an appealing ambience which enhances bird growth and productivity.
🐣 Increased heat retention (insulation) in the brooding area.
🐣 Reduced effect from cold floor temperatures.
🐣 Birds are more comfortable and more expressive in natural behaviour.
🐣 Increases the absorbency of moisture therefore litter is always dry.
🐣 Reduced incidences of ammonia build up due to dry bedding.
🐣 Reduced disease incidence due to dry bedding. Pathogens thrive in moist conditions.
🐣 Reduced carcass downgrades at slaughter (hock burns/breast blisters).

Why use Skip-a-day Feeding Procedure

When using this program, it is recommended to use an effective separate s*x feeding method. Fast and even feed distribution is of paramount importance in improving and maintaining uniformity. Skip a day feeding requires a mash feed. Do not skip a day on pellets. Use a grill height of 55mm and width of 45mm to enable separate s*x feeding. From day old until day 28, feed daily. (Crumble starter for 14 days then mash starter until day 28). Skip a day program starts at day 29 (growers mash feed). Day 29 double feed, day 30 no feed, day 31 double feed etc. Do not feed more than the peak daily feed allocation in the production phase on any one feed day.
Total feed per week as indicated in the tables is divided amongst the feeding days and it changes by week depending on the average weight of the males and females as matched with the standard. Never decrease the feed portions but instead maintain the same quantity if the birds are overweight. And increase accordingly as the birds grow according to the standards provided.

For example, female daily allowance -53g
• Female weekly allowance, 53g/bird/day × 7 days = 371g.
• Divide by 5 days (371/5) =74g/bird.
• Begin the program for the start of week 4-5 to the end of week 19-20.
• Put anti-coccidiostat from day old up to week 14-15.
• Up to 5% HD (Hen-day) production, feed according to bodyweight.

VACCINATION TECHNIQUES
For effective vaccine administration, a trained and committed crew along with a well organised program of work is essential. It is critical to use the appropriate technique when administering vaccines. There are two main forms of administration:

✅Mass Administration

🐣 Drinking Water
- This is the most common vaccination technique.
- Ensure the absence of chlorine or any other disinfectants in the drinking water. If it not possible, use a stabilizer to neutralize the water (e.g Aviblue). The dye in the stabilizer can also be used for monitoring water consumption.
- Deprive birds prior to vaccination to ensure the birds are thirsty.
- Ensure the water is consumed within 2 hours.

🐣Spray
- Used for respiratory disease vaccination.
- Ensure the absence of chlorine or any other disinfectants in the water. If it not possible, use a stabilizer to neutralize the water (eg Aviblue).
- Droplet size plays a key role in the vaccine reactions and immune response.
- Distribute vaccine homogeneously among the birds.
- Avoid drafts during the vaccine administration.

✅Individual Administration

🐣Eye drop or Nasal drop
- Used for respiratory disease vaccination.
- Use a dye in order assess the efficiency of instillation.
- Ensure all chicks are vaccinated.
• Injection
- Used for inactivated vaccines and certain live vaccines.
- Injections can be subcutaneous or intramuscular depending on the vaccine.
- Equipment should be correctly maintained

🐣Wing Web
- Used mostly for the Pox vaccination.
- Ensure the needle’s eye is in contact with the vaccine before you inoculate every individual bird.

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