AQOON IYO OGAAL

Legendary

1.G.B..S = GLOBAL SYSTEM POSITION

2.B.B.C =British broadcast corporation

3.NATO= Northern Atlantic treaty organization

4.CIA = central intelligence agency

WAAX KABARO TAARIIKHDA ADUUNKA
Qaybta 1aad
Lasoco
Insha Allah
Habeen walba
Mahadsanidiin
TURJUMAY. Mohamed ibrahim Farah
Facebook: hon. Mohamed ibrahim Farah
YouTube: CAJEB documentary history
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Copyright history book

2,000,000 B.C.E. Genus Homo ayaa soo ifbaxay
Tusaalaha koowaad ee bini'aadamnimada h**e wuxuu ka soo ifbaxay Afrika.
1,000,000 B.C.E. Bini'aadamka Casriga ah waxay ka haajiraan Afrika
Dadka bini aadamka ah waxay ka soo guuraan Afrika una gudbaan Galbeedka Aasiya iyo
meel kale.
100,000 B.C.E. Homo sapiens ee Bariga Afrika
Bulshooyinka Homo sapiens waxaa laga aasaasay Bariga
Afrika.
40,000 B.C.E. Waqtiga Paleolithic
Xilliga Paleolithic wuxuu soconayaa illaa 10,000 markii Mesolithic
xilli ayaa bilaabmaya.
7000 B.C.E. Neolithic Era ee Bisha Cas
Bulshooyinka Neolithic ee ku saleysan beeraha ayaa ka soo ifbaxaya
Bisha Cas ee bacriminta, Ciraaq iyo Suuriya maanta.
6000 B.C.E. Bulshooyinka Neolithic ee Yurub, Aasiya, iyo
Hemisphere Galbeed
Dhaqamada Neolithic-ka ayaa ku faafay adduunka.
5500 B.C.E. Masriyiintii waxay u Maroorsadeen Calanka Dhar
Masar dhexdeeda, fiilooyinka loo yaqaan 'fl ax threads' ayaa loo mideeyay si loo abuuro
dhar ah waqtiga ugu h**eeya.
4400 B.C.E. Fardo Lagu Qoray
Hoyga fardaha ayaa bixiya muhiim
habka cusub ee gaadiidka.
3500 B.C.E. Qorista Cuneiform
Sumeriyiinta, Ciraaq maanta, waa kooxda ugu h**eysa
si loo soo saaro qoraal qoran oo la yiraahdo cuneiform. Qadiimiga-
khubarada cilmiga sayniska waxay soo heleen kumanaan kiniinno dhoobo ah
iyaga oo ku dul qoraaya cuneiform-kii Sumeriyaanka.
3500 B.C.E. Naxaas La Sameeyay
Naxaas ayaa loo sameeyaa waqtiga ugu horreeya ee hawshu socoto
naxaasta waxaa lagu daraa tin si loo abuuro bir cusub
taas oo loo isticmaali karo qalab badan.
3500 B.C.E. Ilbaxnimada Sumeriyanka
Ilbaxnimada Sumer, oo leh magaalo-magaalo iyo beero
oo leh nidaam waraab, waxaa lagu aasaasay bacriminta
Bisha Cas.
3250 B.C.E. Waraaq laga sameeyay Papyrus Reed
Waraaqda ugu horreysa ee la yaqaan waxaa laga soo saaray Masar.
3200. B.C.E. Koonfurta Ameerika
Biloowga bulshooyinka isku dhafan ee waqooyiga
Peruvian Pacifi c xeebta.si tartiib tartiib ah loogu beddelay nidaamka Griiga.
3050 - 2890 B.C.E. Boqortooyadii koowaad ee Masar
King Menes wuxuu abuuraa qoyskii ugu horreeyay ee Masar iyo
wuxuu mideeyaa Masar hal boqortooyo oo keliya, isagoo isu keenaya
labada boqortooyo ee Hoose iyo Sare.
3000 B.C.E. Gawaarida Koowaad
Isticmaalka giraangiraha markii ugu horreysey ee loo yaqaan 'giraangiraha' gaadiidka ayaa ka dhaca
Sumer; waxaa loo adeegsadaa gaadiidka iyo h**eba
gaadhifarasyo.
2900 B.C.E. Ahraam Weyn La Dhisay
Ahraamta Weyn ee Khufu (Cheops) ee Giza ka baxsan
dhinac Qaahira maanta la dhisay qiyaastii 2900. Waxay qaadataa
4,000 oo dhagax-yaal ah iyo ilaa iyo 100,000 oo shaqaale ah
si loo dhiso Ahraamta.
2900 B.C.E. Dooxada Indus
Ilbaxnimadu waxay ka bilaabmaysaa Dooxada Indus. Inta badan
dadyowga ilbaxnimada Harappan waxay ku nool yihiin meel u dhow
ama magaalada Harappa ama Mohenjo-Daro.
2700 B.C.E. Epic of Gilgamesh
Bisha Cas ee bacriminta, maansada taranka ee aasaaska
of Uruk, oo ah magaalada koowaad ee ugu weyn, ayaa la abuuray.
2700 B.C.E. Aasaaskii Shiinaha
Hogaamiyaha quraafaadka Shiinaha Yellow Emperor wuxuu noqdaa hogaamiye
ee qabiilooyinka ku teedsan wabiga Yellow. Qorayaasha Shiinaha
u aqbal inuu yahay aasaasihii qaranka Shiinaha.
2700 B.C.E. Dhaqankii H**e ee Minoan
Ilbaxnimada Minoan waxay ka soo baxdaa jasiiradda Crete.
2686–2613 B.C.E. Boqortooyadii saddexaad ee Masar
Boqortooyada Saddexaad waxaa aasaasay Fircoon Djoser.
2613–2498 B.C.E. Boqortooyadii Afaraad ee Masar
Boqortooyadii Afaraad waxaa aasaasay Fircoon
Sneferu. Wuxuu ka dhisaa Ahraamta Dahshur.
2350 - 2198 B.C.E. Saddexda Imbaraadoor ee Shiinaha
Muddadii saddexda Khuraafaad ee quraafaadka ahaa - Yao, Shun, iyo
Yu - oo xukunkiisa lagu xusuusto inuu ahaa da 'dahabi ah.
2341–2181 B.C.E. Boqortooyadii Lixaad ee Masar
Intii lagu gudajiray Boqortooyadii Lixaad, awoodaha
fircooniga oo yaraada. Awoodda sii kordheysa ee nobil-
ity waxay xaddideysaa awoodda buuxda ee boqorrada Masar.
2340 B.C.E. Sargon, Boqorka Akkad
Sargon wuxuu Akkad u dhisayaa sidii kursiga cusub ee dowladda
wuxuuna mideeyaa dhamaan magaalooyinka Sumeria hal meel oo bartamaha ah
boqortooyo abaabulan.
2205–1766 B.C.E. Xia Dynasty
Waxaa aasaasay Emperor Yu, dhaqan ahaan waa la aqbalay
sida boqortooyada Shiinaha ee ugu horreysa.
2060 B.C.E. Boqortooyadii Saddexaad ee Uur Aasaasay (Sumeria)
Uur-Nammu oo Uur ah wuxuu xoog kala wareegay Utukhegal iyo
wuxuu abuuraa qoys cusub oo Sumeriya ah. Hoostiisa wiilkiisa Shulgi
boqortooyadii Uur waxay gaadhay ilaa iyo Anatolia.
2055 B.C.E. Mentuhotep II Reunifi es Masar
Kadib in mudo ah oo khilaaf soo kala dhex galay dadka gobta ah iyo
boqorradii loo yaqaanay Muddadii Dhexe ee Koowaad, Boqor
Mentuhotep wuxuu dib ula midoobayaa boqortooyada mid cusub
boqortooyo.
2000 B.C.E. Daaraha waaweyn ee dhagaxa weyn ee Knossos
Daaraha dhagaxa ee Knossos iyo Malia ayaa lagu dhisay
Kereeti qiyaastii 2000.
2000 B.C.E. Reer Baabili waxay soo saareen Nidaamka Mathematic
Reer Baabiloon waxay soo saareen nidaam xisaabeed
iyada oo ku saleysan cutubyada 60. Waxay sidoo kale u kala qaybiyaan goobo a
360 cutub.
2000 B.C.E. Muddada Preclassic ee aagagga Maya
Degsiimooyinka joogtada ahi waxay muujinayaan soo bixitaankii
Waqtiga H**e ee Preclassic ee aagagga Maya ee Meso-
america.
1991–1786 B.C.E. Amenemhat Waxaan aasaasay Dhexe
Boqortooyada
Amenemhat waxaan yareeyaa awooda gobta iyo
wuxuu dhisaa dowlad dhexe oo adag.
1900 B.C.E. Suuf loo adeegsaday Dharka Aasiya iyo Kalluunka-
shabagyadoodii in Peru
Laga bilaabo qiyaastii 1900 b.c.e., Harappans ayaa bilaabmaya
koraya oo ku tolaya cudbi dhar; Pacifi c
Xeerarka xeebta ee bartamaha Peru ayaa sii kordhaya
tolliimo cudbi ah shabaagta kalluunka, iyada oo la siinayo bad
aasaaska u ah soo ifbaxnimada ilbaxnimada Andean.
1900 B.C.E. Mycenaeans waxay yimaadeen Griiga
Qiyaastii 1900 b.c.e., reer Mycenaeans ayaa ka yimid
woqooyi oo gacanta ku dhiga Griiga. Waa muddadii
taariikhda Griigga oo uu qoray Homer lana yaqaan
sida xilligii geesinimada ama da'da Mycenaean. xoogga Baabuloon oo dhan
ee Mesobotamiya oo waxay soo saartaa sharciga koowaad ee sharciga
Hammurabi’s Code.
1720–1570 B.C.E. Hyskos Dynasties XV iyo XVI
Dareemida hoos u dhaca awooda reer Masar-
xiriirka, Hyksos wuxuu ka soo duulay Masar oo ka yimid Suuriya-Falastiin
oo ay caasimadooda ka dhisaan Avaris; waxay u xukumaan sidii
waxay ahaayeen fircoonadii Masar.
1500 B.C.E. A***ns waxay guuleysatay ilbaxnimada Harappan
Ilbaxnimada Harappan ayaa hoos u dhacday kahor 1500 sababteeda
sababaha dabiiciga ah. Harrappans-yada daciifka ah ayaa ah
si dhakhso leh uga guuleystey soo duulayaashii woqooyi ee Eur-
jaranjarooyinka Aasiya ee loo yaqaan A***ns. Iyada oo leh da'da Vedic
bilaabmaa.
1500–1000 B.C.E. Da'da Vedic H**e ee Hindiya
Dadyowga Indo-Yurub ama reer A***n ah ayaa ku faafay
Bannaanka Indo-Gangetic ee woqooyiga Hindiya.
1595 B.C.E. Hittites Guul Baabuloon, Soo bandhig Char-
Dagaal dagaal
Hittites, oo ka amar qaata King Mursilis,
la daalacan Kassites, jabiyaan ciidankii Baabil.
1580 B.C.E. Boqortooyada cusub ee Masar
Boqortooyada cusub waxaa aasaasay fircooniga
Ahmose oo ku qasba Hyksos inuu ka baxo Delta Delta
1570 b.c.e.
1540 B.C.E. Masriyiintii Ayaa Ka Adkaaday Reer Nuubiyaan
Ahmose wuxuu hoosgeeyaa Nubia Suudaan maanta.
1450 B.C.E. Griiggu Wuxuu Ku Guuleystay Minoans
Ka dib markii ay la ganacsanayeen Minoans muddo dheer oo ah
Waqtiga, Mycenaeans iyaga ayaa ka adkaaday.
1400 B.C.E. Da'da Birta ee Galbeedka Aasiya
Adeegsiga birta ee reer Xeed waxay siinayaan iyaga ciidan
faa'iido.
1375–1360 B.C.E. Akhenaten IV
1379, Akhenaten IV wuxuu noqdaa fircoon iyo
Boqortooyadii Masar waxay bilaabeen inay wiiqmaan.
1300 B.C.E. Ilbaxnimada Andean
Billowga bulshooyinka isku dhafan ee Lake Titicaca
Dooxada buuraha Andean.
1288 B.C.E. Ramses II wuxuu la dagaallamayaa Hittites
Ramses II fi ghts si uu dib ugula soo wareego xukunka dhulka
oo ay qabsadeen reer Xeed. Ramses fi ghts Hittites at the
Dagaalkii Qaadeesh.
1240 B.C.E. Waxaa la Aasaasay Boqortooyadii Falastiin
Reer Falastiin waxay saldhigteen xeebta
bannaanka maanta ee Israa'iil.
1240–1100 B.C.E. Reer binu Israa'iil waa la Aasaasay
Dhaqanku wuxuu leeyahay in reer banu Israa’iil, ka dib markay ka baxsadeen
Masar, oo iska dhis Kanaan. Reer banu israa'iil
isu abaabula 12 qabiil oo dhulka la wareego
iyada oo loo marayo isku dhaf ah guulo milatari iyo siyaasad-
iskudarsanaanta ical.
1200 B.C.E. Dhaqanka Olmec ee Mexico iyo Bartamaha
Ameerika
Dhaqanka Olmec wuxuu ka bilaabmaa 1200 ilaa 500 gudaha Meso-
america.
1186 B.C.E. Ramses III
Ramses III oo ka tirsan Boqortooyadii Labaatanaad, awoodda ugu dambeysa-
Fircoon Fircoon ee Masar.
1184 B.C.E. Dagaalkii Trojan
Halyeeygu wuxuu leeyahay in Griiggu ku midoobaan qaybta
Agamemnon iyo weeraradii Troy ee Aasiya Yar.
Go’doomin dheer kadib, Trojans-ka waxaa lagu qasbay inay adeecaan
Giriigga.
1140 B.C.E. Waxaa Bilaabmay Boqortooyadii Labaad ee Baabil
Ka dib muddo dheer oo ay xukumayeen Kas-
goobaha, boqortooyadii labaad ee Baabil ayaa soo baxday.
1122–256 B.C.E. Boqortooyada Zhou ee Shiinaha
King Wu wuxuu ka adkaaday boqortooyadii Shang wuxuuna aasaasay
boqortooyada Zhou.
1122-771 B.C.E. Galbeedka Zhou
Ka dib dhimashadii King Wu, walaalkiis duke ee
Zhou wuxuu xoojiyaa awooda reer Zhou
oo ku hoos jira nidaam feudal ah oo si guul leh u shaqeeya amiir, iyo kuwa raacsan, oo fiirsanaya Zhou
guuleystayaasha, waxay dejiyaan degsiimooyin dhowr ah oo Kuuriya ah.
1100 B.C.E. Horumarinta Alifbeetada Fiyaaniyiinta
Foosiyayaashu waxay dhaxlaan qoraal shibbaneyaal ah waxayna ku daraan
shaqallada si ay u aasaas u noqdaan xarfaha.
1100 B.C.E. Hallstatt Dhaqanka
Birta waxaa loo isticmaalaa waqtiga ugu h**eeya ee Austria. Ka yimid Austria
adeegsiga birta wuxuu ku faafay Yurub oo dhan.
1090 B.C.E. Nubia Waxay Noqotay Madax Banaan
Markii la jebiyey Boqortooyada Cusub, Nubia hal mar
markale ka xoroobay Masar.
1090 B.C.E. Boqortooyadii Cusbayd Waa La Kala Diray
Dhamaadka Boqortooyada Cusubi waxay ku soo beegmaysaa dhamaadka
ee boqortooyadii Ramesid, Masarna waxay gashay muddo dheer
fowdo.
1070 B.C.E. Burburka reer Ashuur
Boqortooyadii Ashuur waxay ku burburtay weerarkii
Aramiyaanka iyo Baabiliyiinta.
1050 B.C.E. Dhaqanka Chavín ee Peru
Ilbaxnimada Chavín waxay bilaabmaysaa inay ku fiddo Peru.
1010 B.C.E. Boqor Saa'uul
Saa'uul, oo ahaa boqorkii ugu horreeyay ee reer binu Israa'iil, ayaa dilay Rabbiga
Falastiin waxaana ku xigay Boqor Daa’uud.
1000 B.C.E. Cilmiga Dhexe ee aagagga Maya
Dhamaadka xilligii Preclassic H**e iyo bilowgii
Dhexe Preclassic ee aagagga Maya ee Mesoamerica.
995 B.C.E. Boqor Daa'uud wuxuu qabsaday Qudus
Boqor Daa'uud wuxuu qabsaday magaalada Yebuus ee Yeruusaalem
magaaladana caasimad ka dhigta.
945-730 B.C.E. Liibiyaanka ayaa xukuma Masar
Qiyaastii 945, deganayaasha Liibiya, oo hoos jooga Shiishaq, waxay qabsadeen
trolkii Masar oo laga helay Boqortooyadii laba iyo labaatanaad.
922 B.C.E. Boqor Sulaymaan
Boqor Sulaymaan wuxuu xukumay 961 ilaa 922. Intii uu
xukuma, wuxuu xoojiyaa boqortooyada Israa'iil.
900 B.C.E. Etruria
Itoobiyaanku waxay ku faafeen Talyaaniga, iyaga oo la wareegaya xukunka iyo
sameysmaya horyaal si dabacsan ugu xiran magaalooyinka.
814 B.C.E. Carthage Aasaasay
Foosiyayaal, laga bilaabo maanta Lubnaan, waxay abuuraan a
gumeysi ee Carthage, ee maanta loo yaqaan Tunisia, iyo iyada
wuxuu noqdaa quwadda adduunka muhiim u ah iyadu iskeed.
800–300 B.C.E. Upanishads Qoran
Astaamaha Hindidu waxay qoraan ururinta 108 maqaalo
oo ku saabsan falsafada lagu daray Hinduga
waxbarista.
800 B.C.E. Dhaqanka Chavín ee Peru
Dhismaha dhaqanka Chavín wuxuu ka soo baxay Bartamaha Peru
Buuraha dhaadheer iyo gobolada dhexe ee Pacifi c.
780-560 B.C.E. Gumeystayaashii Giriigga Oo La Aasaasay
Griiggu waxay aas aasaan gumeysi taxane ah Aasiya
Yar.
776 B.C.E. Ciyaaraha Olombikada ee ugu horreeya
Xamuulka xurmada leh ee ka dhex jira magaalooyinka Griiga ayaa ogolaanaya
ururinta cayaartoyda tartamada caadiga ah.
770-256 B.C.E. Bariga Zhou
Caasimada Zhou ee Hao waxaa lagu burburiyay duulaan
qabyaalada waqooyi. Caasimad cusub ayaa la sameeyay
bariga dhanka Luoyang, laga bilaabo Bariga Zhou
muddo.
753 B.C.E. Rome Aasaasay
Dhaqanku wuxuu leeyahay Rome waxaa la aasaasay 753; ay
aasaasaha waa Romulus, oo la sheegay inuu yahay ina amiirad
ee Alba Longa.
747–716 B.C.E. Guusha Kush*te ee Masar
Suldaanka Kush*te Piy wuxuu hoos uga sii socdaa webiga Niil
Suudaan maanta oo ay qabsatay qaybo badan oo Masar ah,
oo ay ku jiraan Thebes iyo Memphis.
722 B.C.E. Boqortooyada Israel Falls
Kadib go'doomin seddex sano ah, Samaariya (caasimada Israel)
wuxuu ku dhacaa reer Ashuur, oo qaata ilaa 20,000 oo Israel-
ites galay addoonsiga.
707-666 B.C.E. Kush*te Ruyn Dynastic wuxuu xukumaa Masar
Boqor Shabako wuxuu aasaasay xukunka Masar wuuna korsaday
caadooyin badan oo Masaari h**e.
660 B.C.E. Boqortooyadii Jabbaan oo la Aasaasay
Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeyga, Jimmu Tenno wuxuu ku duulay Japan's
jasiiradda weyn ee Honshu. Halkaas ayuu isku taagaa sida
Imbaraadoorkii ugu horreeyay ee Japan. Wuxuu abuuraa qoyska Yamato
xx
xviii

Answer the following questions

1) Why do we need constitution?

to maintain law and order in the society. A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all people in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed. ... it expresses the aspiration of the people about creating a good society.

2) State positive and negative impacts of globalization in politics ?

Globalization from the point of view has positive effects as well as negative effects. It has increased the access of higher education example universities and reducing the knowledge gap in developing countries, it equally has negative aspects which can seriously threaten universities in those countries

3)Mention any two different types of freedoms enjoyed by citizens of Somalia?

4) How does the ethnicity affect politics?

Racial and ethnic prejudices affect the distribution of wealth, power, and opportunity, and create enduring social stratifications. Racial pride can foment racial prejudice, as in the case

5) Explain the evolution and growth of democracy in Somalia?

In 1960 _1969 somalia was one of large African democracy and 2000 took system of federalism to separate power

6) List the basic Communication strategies in political science?

campaigning. Finance Grassroots fundraising Management Opposition research Consultation Message Advertising Canvassing Retail politics Election promise Get out the vote Lawn signs Post-truth politics Negative campaigning Attack ad Fearmongering Push poll Smear campaign Voter suppression. Key people. Candidate

7) What are the methods of political propaganda in political science?

Propaganda may be administered in insidious ways. ... Such permeating propaganda may be used for political goals: by giving citizens a false impression of the quality or policies of their country, they may be incited to reject certain proposals or certain remarks or ignore the experience of others.

8) How to protect science from politics?
The politicization of science is the manipulation of science for political gain. It occurs when government, business, or advocacy groups use legal or economic pressure to influence the findings of scientific research or the way it is disseminated, reported or interpreted

9) Define public opinion in political science?

Public opinion consists of the desires, wants and thinking of the majority of the people. It is the collective opinion of the people of a society or state on an issue or problem. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces.

10) Define political interest ?

General interest in politics can be considered the basis both for a democratic political belief system and for identity achievement as the outcome of the process of identity development

CAJEB documentary YouTube

OBJECTIVE 48 LAWS
IT'S IMPORTANT FOLLOW
EXPERIENCE
Mohamed ibrahim Farah
EDUCATION
Student of international relations green hope University Mogadishu Somalia
AWARD WINNING OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

LAW 1
NEVER OUTSHINE THE MASTER
Always make those above you feel comfortably superior. In your desire to please or impress them, do not go too far in displaying your talents or you might accomplish the opposite—inspire fear and insecurity. Make your masters appear more brilliant than they are and you will attain the heights of power.
Back
LAW 2
NEVER PUT TOO MUCH TRUST IN FRIENDS,
LEARN HOW TO USE ENEMIES
Be wary of friends—they will betray you more quickly, for they are easily aroused to envy. They also become spoiled and tyrannical. But hire a former enemy and he will be more loyal than a friend, because he has more to prove. In fact, you have more to fear from friends than from enemies. If you have no enemies, find a way to make them.
Back
LAW 3
CONCEAL YOUR INTENTIONS
Keep people off-balance and in the dark by never revealing the purpose behind your actions. If they have no clue what you are up to, they cannot prepare a defense. Guide them far enough down the wrong path, envelop them in enough smoke, and by the time they realize your intentions, it will be too late.
Back
LAW 4
ALWAYS SAY LESS THAN NECESSARY
When you are trying to impress people with words, the more you say, the more common you appear, and the less in control. Even if you are saying something banal, it will seem original if you make it vague, open-ended, and sphinxlike. Powerful people impress and intimidate by saying less. The more you say, the more likely you are to say something foolish.
Back
LAW 5
SO MUCH DEPENDS ON REPUTATION—GUARD IT WITH YOUR LIFE
Reputation is the cornerstone of power. Through reputation alone you can intimidate and win; once it slips, however, you are vulnerable, and will be attacked on all sides. Make your reputation unassailable. Always be alert to potential attacks and thwart them before they happen. Meanwhile, learn to destroy your enemies by opening holes in their own reputations. Then stand aside and let public opinion hang them.
Back
LAW 6
COURT ATTENTION AT ALL COST
Everything is judged by its appearance; what is unseen counts for nothing. Never let yourself get lost in the crowd, then, or buried in oblivion. Stand out. Be conspicuous, at all cost. Make yourself a magnet of attention by appearing larger, more colorful, more mysterious than the bland and timid masses.
Back
LAW 7
GET OTHERS TO DO THE WORK FOR YOU, BUT ALWAYS TAKE THE CREDIT
Use the wisdom, knowledge, and legwork of other people to further your own cause. Not only will such assistance save you valuable time and energy, it will give you a godlike aura of efficiency and speed. In the end your helpers will be forgotten and you will be remembered. Never do yourself what others can do for you.
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LAW 8
MAKE OTHER PEOPLE COME TO YOU—USE BAIT IF NECESSARY
When you force the other person to act, you are the one in control. It is always better to make your opponent come to you, abandoning his own plans in the process. Lure him with fabulous gains—then attack. You hold the cards.
Back
LAW 9
WIN THROUGH YOUR ACTIONS, NEVER THROUGH ARGUMENT
Any momentary triumph you think you have gained through argument is really a Pyrrhic victory: The resentment and ill will you stir up is stronger and lasts longer than any momentary change of opinion. It
is much more powerful to get others to agree with you through your actions, without saying a word. Demonstrate, do not explicate.
Back
LAW 10
INFECTION: AVOID THE UNHAPPY AND UNLUCKY
You can die from someone else’s misery—emotional states are as infectious as diseases. You may feel you are helping the drowning man but you are only precipitating your own disaster. The unfortunate sometimes draw misfortune on themselves; they will also draw it on you. Associate with the happy and fortunate instead.
Back
LAW 11
LEARN TO KEEP PEOPLE DEPENDENT ON YOU
To maintain your independence you must always be needed and wanted. The more you are relied on, the more freedom you have. Make people depend on you for their happiness and prosperity and you have nothing to fear. Never teach them enough jo that they can do without you.
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LAW 12
USE SELECTIVE HONESTY AND GENEROSITY TO DISARM YOUR VICTIM
One sincere and honest move will cover over dozens of dishonest ones. Open-hearted gestures of honesty and generosity bring down the guard of even the most suspicious people. Once your selective honesty opens a hole in their armor, you can deceive and manipulate them at will. A timely gift—a Trojan horse—will serve the same purpose.
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LAW 13
WHEN ASKING FOR HELP, APPEAL TO PEOPLE’S SELF-INTEREST,
NEVER TO THEIR MERCY OR GRATITUDE
Ifyou need to turn to an ally for help, do not bother to remind him of your past assistance and good deeds. He will find a way to ignore you. Instead, uncover something in your request, or in your alliance with him, that will benefit him, and emphasize it out of all proportion. He will respond enthusiastically when he sees something to be gained for himself.
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LAW 14
POSE AS A FRIEND, WORK AS A SPY
Knowing about your rival is critical Use spies to gather valuable information that will keep you a step ahead. Better still: Play the spy yourself In polite social encounters, learn to probe. Ask indirect questions to get people to reveal their weaknesses and intentions. There is no occasion that is not an opportunity for artful spying.
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LAW 15
CRUSH YOUR ENEMY TOTALLY
All great leaders since Moses have known that a feared enemy must be crushed completely. (Sometimes they have learned this the hard way.) If one ember is left alight, no matter how dimly it smolders, a fire will eventually break out. More is lost through stopping halfway than through total annihilation: The enemy will recover, and will seek revenge. Crush him, not only in body but in spirit.
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LAW 16
USE ABSENCE TO INCREASE RESPECT AND HONOR
Too much circulation makes the price go down: The more you are seen and heard from, the more common you appear. If you are already established in a group, temporary withdrawal from it will make you more talked about, even more admired. You must learn when to leave. Create value through scarcity.
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LAW 17
KEEP OTHERS IN SUSPENDED TERROR: CULTIVATE AN AIR OF UNPREDICTABILITY
Humans are creatures of habit with an insatiable need to see familiarity in other people's actions. Your predictability gives them a sense of control. Turn the tables: Be deliberately unpredictable. Behavior that seems to have no consistency or purpose will keep them off-balance, and they will wear themselves out trying to explain your moves. Taken to an extreme, this strategy can intimidate and terrorize.
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LAW 18
DO NOT BUILD FORTRESSES TO PROTECT YOURSELF—ISOLATION IS DANGEROUS
The world is dangerous and enemies are everywhere—everyone has to protect themselves. A fortress seems the safest. But isolation exposes you to more dangers than it protects you from—it cuts you off from valuable information, it makes you conspicuous and an easy target. Better to circulate among people, find allies, mingle. You are shielded from your enemies by the crowd.
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LAW 19
KNOW WHO YOU'RE DEALING WITH—DO NOT OFFEND THE WRONG PERSON
There are many different kinds of people in the world, and you can never assume that everyone will react to your strategies in the same way. Deceive or outmaneuver some people and they will spend the rest of their lives seeking revenge. They are wolves in lambs' clothing. Choose your victims and opponents carefully, then — never offend or deceive the wrong person.
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LAW 20
DO NOT COMMIT TO ANYONE
It is the fool who always rushes to take sides. Do not commit to any side or cause but yourself By maintaining your independence, you become the master of others—playing people against one another, making them pursue you.
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LAW 21
PLAY A SUCKER TO CATCH A SUCKER—SEEM DUMBER THAN YOUR MARK
No one likes feeling stupider than the next person. The trick, then, is to make your victims feel smart—and not just smart, but smarter than you are. Once convinced of this, they will never suspect that you may have ulterior motives.
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LAW 22
USE THE SURRENDER TACTIC: TRANSFORM WEAKNESS INTO POWER
When you are weaker, never fight far honor's sake; choose surrender instead. Surrender gives you time to recover, time to torment and irritate your conqueror, time to wait for his power to wane. Do not give him the satisfaction of fighting and defeating you—surrender first. By turning the other cheek you infuriate and unsettle him. Make surrender a tool of power.

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LAW 23
CONCENTRATE YOUR FORCES
Conserve your forces and energies by keeping them concentrated at their strongest point. You gain more by finding a rich mine and mining it deeper, than by flitting from one shallow mine to another intensity defeats extensity every time. When looking for sources of power to elevate you, find the one key patron, the fat cow who will give you milk for a long time to come.
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LAW 24
PLAY THE PERFECT COURTIER
The perfect courtier thrives in a world where everything revolves around power and political dexterity. He has mastered the art of indirection; he flatters, yields to superiors, and asserts power over others in the most oblique and graceful manner. Learn and apply the laws of courtiership and there will be no limit to how far you can rise in the court.
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LAW 25
RE-CREATE YOURSELF
Do not accept the roles that society foists on you. Re-create yourself by forging a new identity, one that commands attention and never bores the audience. Be the master of your own image rather than letting others define it for you. Incorporate dramatic devices into your public gestures and actions—your power will be enhanced and your character will seem larger than life.
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LAW 26
KEEP YOUR HANDS CLEAN
You must seem a paragon of civility and efficiency: Your hands are never soiled by mistakes and nasty deeds. Maintain such a spotless appearance by using others as scapegoats and cat's-paws to disguise your involvement.
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LAW 27
PLAY ON PEOPLE’S NEED TO BELIEVE TO CREATE A CULTLIKE FOLLOWING
People have an overwhelming desire to believe in something. Become the focal point of such desire by offering them a cause, a new faith to follow. Keep your words vague but full of promise; emphasize enthusiasm over rationality and clear thinking. Give your new disciples rituals to perform, ask them to make sacrifices on your behalf. In the absence of organized religion and grand causes, your new belief system will bring you untold power.
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LAW 28
ENTER ACTION WITH BOLDNESS
If you are unsure of a course of action, do not attempt it. Your doubts and hesitations will infect your ex*****on. Timidity is dangerous: Better to enter with boldness. Any mistakes you commit through audacity are easily corrected with more audacity. Everyone admires the bold; no one honors the timid.
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LAW 29
PLAN ALL THE WAY TO THE END
The ending is everything. Plan all the way to it, taking into account all the possible consequences, obstacles, and twists of fortune that might reverse your hard work and give the glory to others. By planning to the end you will not be overwhelmed by circumstances and you will know when to stop. Gently guide fortune and help determine the future by thinking far ahead.
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LAW 30
MAKE YOUR ACCOMPLISHMENTS SEEM EFFORTLESS
Your actions must seem natural and executed with ease. All the toil and practice that go into them, and also all the clever tricks, must be concealed. When you act, act effortlessly, as if you could do much more. Avoid the temptation of revealing how hard you work—it only raises questions. Teach no one your tricks or they will be used against you.
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LAW 31
CONTROL THE OPTIONS: GET OTHERS TO PLAY WITH THE CARDS YOU DEAL
The best deceptions are the ones that seem to give the other person a choice: Your victims feel they are in control, but are actually your puppets. Give people options that come out in your favor whichever one they choose. Force them to make choices between the lesser of two evils, both of which serve your purpose. Put them on the horns of a dilemma: They are gored wherever they turn.
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LAW 32
PLAY TO PEOPLE’S FANTASIES
The truth is often avoided because it is ugly and unpleasant. Never appeal to truth and reality unless you are prepared for the anger that comes from disenchantment. Life is so harsh and distressing that people who can manufacture romance or conjure up fantasy are like oases in the desert: Everyone flocks to them. There is great power in tapping into the fantasies of the masses.
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LAW 33
DISCOVER EACH MAN’S THUMBSCREW
Everyone has a weakness, a gap in the castle wall. That weakness is usually an insecurity, an uncontrollable emotion or need; it can also be a small secret pleasure. Either way, once found, it is a thumbscrew you can turn to your advantage.
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LAW 34
BE ROYAL IN YOUR OWN FASHION: ACT LIKE A KING TO BE TREATED LIKE ONE
The way you carry yourself will often determine how you are treated: In the long run, appearing vulgar or common will make people disrespect you. For a king respects himself and inspires the same sentiment in others. By acting regally and confident of your powers, you make yourself seem destined to wear a crown.
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LAW 35
MASTER THE ART OF TIMING
Never seem to be in a hurry—hurrying betrays a lack of control over yourself and over time. Always seem patient, as if you know that everything will come to you eventually. Become a detective of the right moment; sniff out the spirit of the times, the trends that will carry you to power. Learn to stand back when the time is not yet ripe, and to strike fiercely when it has reached fruition.
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LAW 36
DISDAIN THINGS YOU CANNOT HAVE: IGNORING THEM IS THE BEST REVENGE
By acknowledging a petty problem you give it existence and credibility. The more attention you pay an enemy, the stronger you make him; and a small mistake is often made worse and more visible when you try to fix it. It is sometimes best to leave things alone. If there is something you want but cannot have, show contempt for it. The less interest you reveal, the more superior you seem.
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LAW 37
CREATE COMPELLING SPECTACLES
Striking imagery and grand symbolic gestures create the aura of power—everyone responds to them. Stage spectacles for those around you, then, full of arresting visuals and radiant symbols that heighten your presence. Dazzled by appearances, no one will notice what you are really doing.
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LAW 38
THINK AS YOU LIKE BUT BEHAVE LIKE OTHERS
If you make a show of going against the times, flaunting your unconventional ideas and unorthodox ways, people will think that you only want attention and that you look down upon them. They will find a way to punish you for making them feel inferior. It is far safer to blend in and nurture the common touch. Share your originality only with tolerant friends and those who are sure to appreciate your uniqueness.
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LAW 39
STIR UP WATERS TO CATCH FISH
Anger and emotion are strategically counterproductive. You must always stay calm and objective. But if you can make your enemies angry while staying calm yourself, you gain a decided advantage. Put your enemies off-balance: Find the c***k in their vanity through which you can rattle them and you hold the strings.
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LAW 40
DESPISE THE FREE LUNCH
What is offered forfree is dangerous—it usually involves either a trick or a hidden obligation. What has worth is worth paying for. By paying your own way you stay clear of gratitude, guilt, and deceit. It is also often wise to pay the full price—there is no cutting comers with excellence. Be lavish with your money and keep it circulating, for generosity is a sign and a magnet for power.
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LAW 41
AVOID STEPPING INTO A GREAT MAN'S SHOES
What happens first always appears better and more original than what comes after. If you succeed a great man or have a famous parent, you will have to accomplish double their achievements to outshine them. Do not get lost in their shadow, or stuck in a past not of your own making: Establish your ozvn name and identity by changing course. Slay the overbearing father, disparage his legacy, and gain power by shining in your own way.
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LAW 42
STRIKE THE SHEPHERD AND THE SHEEP WILL SCATTER
Trouble can often be traced to a single strong individual—the stirrer, the arrogant underling, the poisoner of goodwill. If you allow such people room to operate, others will succumb to their influence. Do not wait for the troubles they cause to multiply, do not try to negotiate with them—they are irredeemable. Neutralize their influence by isolating or banishing them. Strike at the source of the trouble and the sheep will scatter.
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LAW 43
WORK ON THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF OTHERS
Coercion creates a reaction that will eventually work against you. You must seduce others into wanting to move in your direction. A person you have seduced becomes your loyal pawn. And the way to seduce others is to operate on their individual psychologies and weaknesses. Soften up the resistant by working on their emotions, playing on what they hold dear and what they fear. Ignore the hearts and minds of others and they will grow to hate you.
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LAW 44
DISARM AND INFURIATE WITH THE MIRROR EFFECT
The mirror reflects reality, but it is also the perfect tool for deception: When you mirror your enemies, doing exactly as they do, they cannot figure out your strategy. The Mirror Effect mocks and humiliates them, making them overreact. By holding up a mirror to their psyches, you seduce them with the illusion that you share their values; by holding up a mirror to their actions, you teach them a lesson. Few can resist the power of the Mirror Effect.
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LAW 45
PREACH THE NEED FOR CHANGE, BUT NEVER REFORM TOO MUCH AT ONCE
Everyone understands the need for change in the abstract, but on the day-to-day level people are creatures of habit. Too much innovation is traumatic, and will lead to revolt. If you are new to a position of power, or an outsider trying to build a power base, make a show of respecting the old way of doing things. If change is necessary, make it feel like a gentle improvement on the past.
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LAW 46
NEVER APPEAR TOO PERFECT
Appearing better than others is always dangerous, but most dangerous of all is to appear to have no faults or weaknesses. Envy creates silent enemies. It is smart to occasionally display defects, and admit to harmless vices, in order to deflect envy and appear more human and approachable. Only gods and the dead can seem perfect with impunity.
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LAW 47
DO NOT GO PAST THE MARK YOU AIMED FOR; IN VICTORY, LEARN WHEN TO STOP
The moment of victory is often the moment of greatest peril. In the heat of victory, arrogance and overconfidence can push you past the goal you had aimed for, and by going too far, you make more enemies than you defeat. Do not allow success to go to your head. There is no substitute for strategy and careful planning. Set a goal, and when you reach it, stop.
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LAW 48
ASSUME FORMLESSNESS
By taking a shape, by having a visible plan, you open yourself to attack. Instead of taking a form for your enemy to grasp, keep yourself adaptable and on the move. Accept the fact that nothing is certain and no law is fixed. The best way to protect yourself is to be as fluid and formless as water; never bet on stability or lasting order. Everything changes.
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