Hargeisa School of Photography

WAA MAXAY ISO?

ISO wuxu maamulaa dareenka (sensitivity) kamaradda ee iftiinka.
Markasta oo aad libinlaabto ISO (adigoo ka keenaya 100 kana dhigaya 200) waxaad kordhaya dareenka kamaraddu ka qabto iftiinka.
Hadaba kamaraddu waxay soo gudbinaysaa kala badh iftiinkii marka ISO 200 kuu dooran tahay adigoo sawirka h**e ku qaaday ISO 100.
ISO hooseeya sida ISO 100 ama ISO 200 wuxu hoos u dhigaa shutter Speed-ka wuxu se kordhiyaa tayada sawirka.
ISO sarreeya sida ISO 1600 ama ISO 3200 wuxu kor u qaadaa Shutter speed-ka, wuxu se hoos u dhigaa tayada sawirka.

Markasta ku dadaal in aad isticmaasho ISO hooseeya sida 100, 200 taas oo kuu suurtogelinaysa in aad hesho Shutter speed-ka aad u baahantahay si aad uga hor tagto dhaqdhaqaaqa caadka sameeya iyo dhaqaaq kamaradda ku yimaadda.
"Haddii sawir aad qaaday dhaqaaq kaa galo, waxaad libinlaabtaa ISO-ga mar labaadna isku day".

Haddii ay kuu dooran tahay Aperture Priority Mode [P] markasta oo aad libinlaabto ISO Kamaraddu waxay libinlaabaysaa Shutter Speed-ka, sababtu waxay tahay ISO oo la kordhiyo waxa loo baahanayaa iftiin markasta intii h**e ka yar.
Ka soo qaad in Aperture-ka aad ka dooratay tiro joogto ah, haddii aad isticmaalaysid 100mm lens waxaad u baahanaysaa Shutter speed ah 1/125th, si aad gacanta ugu haysid kamaradda waa in aad ka dhigataa ISO 800 ama mid ka dheeraynaya.
Kamarad kastaa waxay leedahay xaddi ay tayada ku lumiso“Noise” waa in aad ogaato nooca kamaraddaada adigoo ku tijaabinaya ISO kala duwan.
Sawir ka qaad hal shay adigoo ka dhigaya ISO 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 iyo ISO kasta oo intaa ka sarreeya haddii kamaraddu kuu saamaxayso.
Sawiraddaas u wareeji Kombiyuutar soona dhawee waxaad arki doontaa mid walba Pixels-kiisa, sawirada aad ku qaaday ISO-ga badan noise-ku wuxu ku badan yahay xaga hadhka sawirka laftiisuna wuxu u muuqanayaa mid tayo fiican.

ISO waxa loogu dhawaaqaa “eye-so” ama“EEE-so”mana aha sax in loogu dhawaaqo “I-S-O”
ISO waa naanaysta ururka sameeyaya Film sensitivity standards: The International Organization for Standardization.
Magaca ISO wuxu ka yimid erey Giriig ah “Isos” micneheeduna yahay Siman, magacana inta badan waxa lagu qoraa xarfo waweyn.
Illaa inta aad ka fahmayso ISO kamaraddaadu ha kuu ahaato mid si iskeeda ISO u doorata (Automatic).

WAA MAXAY SHUTTER SPEED?

Sawirka markaynu qaadayno waxaynu Bottom-ka u cadaadinnaa in uu qaado sawirro isku taxan (Continues Shooting).
Si waafiya markaynu u hadallo sawirku wuxu qabanayaa wax kasta oo dhacaya muddadaa yar Shutter-kuna waa furnaanayaa.
Haddii kamaradda ama walaxda aad sawirayso midkood dhaqaaqo, iyadoo Shutter-ku furanyahay kamaraddu waxay qabanaysaa dhaqaaqaas iyadoo gelinaysa dhaqaaq sawirkuna noqonayo mid caad ku jiro.

Shutter-ku wuxu ku yaalaa lens-ka iyo dareemaha (Sensor) dhexdooda waxaanu xanibaa iftiinka muddo yar intaad sawir qaadayso.
Markaad taabato Shutter Bottom-ka, Shutter-ku wuxu furnaanayaa xaddiga wakhti ee loo baahanyahay si loo helo iftiinka loo baahanyahay dib ayaanu isku xidhayaa.
Shutter-ka qoran waxa ugu yar una weyn 1/60th ilbidhiqsi ( Waxa la isticmaalaa sawirada lagu qaado banaanka marka hadh jiro), illaa 1/1250th ( Sawirada la qaado markay cadceed jirto).

Si kastaba ha ahatee waxaa jira kamarado badan waxay sawirka ku qaadaan 1/8000th, sawirada habeenkii la qaadaa waxay u baahanyihiin Exposure qaadaya in ka badan 30 ilbidhiqsi.
Markaad sawir qaadaysid uma baahnid inaaad ka fekerto Shutter Speed, si kastaba ha ahaatee sawirku wuxu yeelanayaa CAAD ( blurry ) haddii kamaradda ama shayga midkood dhaqaaqo iyadoo shutter-ku furanyahay.

MUHIIMADDU LEEYAHAY SHUTTER SPEED

Shaqada shutter Speed-ku waa in iftiinku u soo dhex maro kamaradda siiba iftiinka u gudbaya digital media (Film) wakhti xaddidan oo gaara.
Inta badan kamaraduhu waxay awood kuu siinayaan in aad maamushid Shutter Speed-ka.
Shutter-ku wuxu maamulaa ama shaqadiisu tahay saamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqu ku yeelanayo sawirada aad qaadayso.
Shutter speed-ka dheereeyaa wuxuu qalajiyaa (Freeze) walaxdaad sawiraysid, halka shutter-ka gaabiyaa geliyo walaxdaad sawirayso caad (Blurry)

KA HORTAGIDDA DHAQAAQA KAMARADDA

Haddii sawirka aad qaaday mar uun ka muuqdo dhaqaaq waxaad shaaca ka qaadaysaa awoodda gacantaada.
Haddaad u malayso inaad Kamaradda u haysato si toosa gacantaadu waxay u dhaqaaqaysaa si qunyara.
Shutter Speed-ka degdega ah sida 1/1500th indhahaagu qabanmaayaan dhaqaaqa sawirka, halka Shutter Speed-ka hooseeya dhaqaaqu muuqanayo
Waxa jira kamarado badan oo Digniin ku siinaya haddii Shutter Speed-kaagu hooseeyo iyagoo ku tusinaya Gacan-dhaqaaqaysa ,ama si iskooda u soo furaya Biligta (Flash).
Haddii sidani dhacdo waxaad kaga hor tagi kartaa dhaqaaqa kamaradda qodobadan hoos ku qoran midkood:
* Ku xidh kamaraddaada Saddex lugood (Tripod).
* Isticmaal adigoo dooranaya Sawir-dejiye (Image-Stabilization).
* Dooro habka qaadista sawirro isku taxan (Continues Shooting) kadib ka dooro sawirada ugu macquulsan.
* Isticmaal Bilig(Flash)
* Kordhi ISO Speed-ka.
* Sawirkaaga ka dhig mid qabanaya aag badan ( Wide Angle).

Walaxda aad sawirayso iyo sida aad u hayso kamaradda waxay hoos u dhigaysaa dhaqaaqa, u qabo kamaradda si awood leh kuna qabo labadaada gacmood.
Haddii dhaqaaqa kamaraddu dhib kugu noqdo isku day inaad suxuladaada ku qabato Kelyaha dushooda, haddii ay kuu suurawdo fadhiiso ama Gidaar ku tiirso iskuna day inaad si qunyara u neef tuurto Shutter-kana qabo dhawr goor.

WAA MAXAY APERTURE?

Aperture-ka Lens-ku wuxu u shaqeeyaa sida Wiilka-isha , markastoo u balaadho waxa soo gelaya iftiin badan, haddii iftiinka soo gelayaa bato waxa wanaagsan in aad Shutter-ka yarayso.
Aperture-ka waxa lagu cabiraa f/stop sida f/2.8 f/8 f/16 balse sidaad filanayso maaha.

f/stop number-ka yar wuxu furayaa dalool weyn iftiinka soo gelayaana waa badanayaa.
Tusaale: f/2.8 ayaa ka dalool weyn iftiinka ka soo gudbayaana ka badan yahay f/8 ama f/16.
Aperture waxa kaloo loo yaqaanaa “Diaphragm” Aperture wuxu ka samaysan yahay Lix birood oo midba mid daboolayso taasoo ku xidhan nooca kamaraddaadu tahay.
Aperture-ka waxaad ka bedali kartaa Lens-ka ama Kamaradda adigoo wareejinaya bottom kamaradda ku yaala oo loogu talagalay .

Aperture-ka markaad bedasho xajmiga daloolku waa yaraadaa ama weynaadaa, taasina waxay sababtaa in iftiinka soo gelayaa bato ama yaraado.
Lens-yadu waxay leeyihiin xajmi f/stop number ah oo u sar go’an waxa ugu yaraan kara f/1.4, f/2.8 ama f/4 taasina waxay ku xidhantahay nooca lens ee aad isticmaalaysid.

Markad ku fadhiisiso Aperture (f/stop) tirada ugu yar waxa soo gudbaya iftiin badan daloolka oo aad u furmaya awgii.
Aperture tirada ugu weyn inta badan waa f/16, f/22 ama f/32 (f/8 iyo f/11 waxay gaar u yihiin lenses ku xidhma kamarado gaara)
Marka laga yimaado in Aperture-ku inoo qabto maamulidda iftiinka soo dhex maraya daloolka, Apeture waa habka ugu fudud ee loo maamuli karo depth-of-field (DOF)
Depth-of-field-ku marku dhowyahay sawirka inta aan diiradda saarnayni (out of focus) waxay u muuqanayaan kuwo caadku (blur) ku badanyahay.
Depth-of-field-ku marku fogyahay sawirka inta aan diiradda kuu saarnayni waxay u muuqanaysaa in ay diiraddu saarantahay (in focus), wax weyn oo iska bedalay arki maysid.

f/stop number sida f/1.8 ama f/2.8 waxay ku fiicanyihiin sawirada kurka (Portrait).
Muxuu yahay DOF?
Waa aagga ugu dhow uguna fog ee sawirka ka muuqata (Sharpness)
Mararka qaar waxa laga yaabaa in aad is weydiiso habka ay sawirada u qaadaan xeel dheerayaasha sawir-qaadistu, sababtoo ah waxa ku badan sharpness (habka sawirka tayadiisu aanay u lumin marka la soo dhaweeyo)
Muxuu la tacaluqaa depth-of field?
Markaad maqasho depth-of-field dhawrkan qodob waa inay ku hor yimaadaan.

Lens-ka aad isticmaalayso dhererkiisa (focal length of the lens), masaafada u dhaxaysa adiga iyo shayga aad sawirayso iyo Aperture-ka aad dooratay.
Saddexdaa waxa ugu muhiimsan Aperture, hadal ahaan (in theory) Lens-ku wuxuu awoodaa inuu isha ku hayo hal shay muddo.
Dhamaan waxyaalaha kale ee sawirkaagu ka koobanyahay si kastoo ay uga fogaadaan halkaad beegsanayso, ha ka h**eyso ama ha dambaysee waxa badanaya inta aanad isha ku hayn (out of focus), aragtidani waxay ku fadhidaa furnaansaha Aperture ee ugu weyn.
Waa wax iska cad in aad u khushuuci doonto muhiimadda doorashada Aperture-ka.

Maxaad uga baahantahay inaad u bedbedasho cabirka lens-ku furnaanayo?
Hagaag, sannadaba waxa arinkan ku dhex jirey dad isku xirfada iyadoo iftiinka laga soo bedalayo Caddaan Madowna laga dhigayo.
Waxaad u baahantahay inaad awood u yeelato maamulida iftiinka soo gelaya sensor-ka, sida u fudud ee aad shaqadaa u qaban kartaana waa adigoo yareeya ama weyneeya Aperture-ka.
Arintani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in marka aad sawir qaadaysid maalin cadceedu kulushahay joogtidna xeeb ciiddeedu caddahay, waxa wanaagsan inaad kordhiso f/stop number-ka iftiinka soo gudbayaa ha yaraadee, haddaad sidaa samayn weydo waxa dhacaysa inay gubato qabatada sawirku (film), waxaa arinkan sababaya iftiinka faraha badan ee soo gudbay iyo kulaylka jira.
Sidoo kale markaad joogto meel qabow iftiinkuna yaryahay waa inaad yaraysaa f/stop number-ka iftiinka soo gelayaa ha badnaadee, arimahani waa kuwo h**e loo soo tijaabiyay waxaana ka soo baxay natiijooyin kala duwan.
Iftiin ka soo noqday walax ayaa sawir ku samaynaya Digital Media (film), balse Aperture-ka aad dooratid wuxu ku tusinayaa sida wanaagsan ee sawirku u samaysmayo.

Habka ugu fudud ee aad ku fahmi karto Apeture waa ku celcelin, si aad u xasuusato habka loo bedbedalo Aperture-ka sidanna maanka ku hay:
f/stop number-ka yar waxa yaraanaya background sharpness, halka tirada badan ee f/stop number uu badanayo background sharpness-ku.

Noocyada Lens-yada
25mm – Wide Angle
50mm – Normal
200mm – Telephoto

Hordhac Shayga ugu horreeya uguna muhiimsan ee ay tahay in aynu fahano, kamaradahan casrigaa ( SLR ) si loo qaado sawir waa in aynu haysanna 6-dan shay.

Hargeisa meat market,Photograph by

Somali Bakery, Photograph by:

Laaasgeel Cave, Hargeisa Photograph by

Sa'adadiin Island, Saylac Photograph by

Casharka Labaad

Lixdaa lagama maarmaankaa ee aynu ka soo hadalay laba ayaa aad u muhiima in aad marka h**e barato si buuxdana aad u fahanto.

Aperture ( Xajmiga daloolka ku haboon Lens-ka) iyo Shutter speed (wuxuu maamulaa inta jeer ee aynu kaydinay iftiin) kuwani waa halbawlaha ay ku shaqaynayso kamaraddu (SLR Camera) hadii aad barato sida kamaradda loogu isticmaalo si iskaaya (Manual) dhamaan meelaha kale ee sawir qaadistu waxay kuu noqonayaan kuwo kuu fudud in aad fahanto. Kaliya hadaad isticmaasho 'Automatic' waligaa ka heli maysid wax khibrada mana helaysid fursadaha hal-abuurnimo ee sawirqaadista.
Waxaynu casharkeenan kaga hadli doonaa isticmaalka Shutter speed iyo Aperture si iskaaya (Manual).

Sidaynu h**e u soo sheegnay Aperture-ka yar waxa ka soo gudbaya iftiin yar, aperture-ka Weyn waxa ka soo gudbaya iftiin badan. Shutter speed-ka hooseeya ama dheeri wuxuu inoo ogolaanayaa in uu soo dhex maro iftiin badani shutter speed-ka dheeraynayana waxa ka soo gudbaya iftiin yar.
Sawir-qaadista markaynu mid ka dhaqaajino halkiisa waa in iynu ka kalena wax ka bedalaa si aynu u hubino in iftiinka wax hoos uga dheceen ama ku kordheen, ugana taxadarno in sawirku uu inaga noqday mid cadaanku ku batay (overexposed) ama madowgu ku batay (underexposed).

Daloolka yar (Small Aperture) wuxu hoos u dhigayaa xadiga iftiinka ee la kaydinayo, waxa kale oo kordhaya go’itaanka hareer ama Focus Point-ka in uu saameeyo.

ILAHA IFTIINKA ADAG: Iftiinka inooga yimaadda ill eh oogo yar oo furan.
Tusaale: Cadceedda, Qashaafad Laambadda, Guluub, ama Bilig(Flash)
ILAHA IFTIINKA FUDUD: Iftiin kasta oo ka imanaya oogo balaadhan oo furan, kuna xidhan meesha aad sawirayso.
Tusaale: iftiin soo dhex maray daruuraha, maalin cirku daruuro leeyahay, daaqad weyn oo daah ku xidhan yahay, iyo Agab iftiimeed weyn oo Studio (large studio soft box).
ILAYS GUDBAY: Iftiinka laga arki karo sawirkaagu inta uu hayo.
ILAYS NOQDAY: Iftiinka laga soo celiyo walax ama lagu soo celiyo meesha aynu beegsanaynay ( Iftiinka inta u badan aynu aragno ee inagu hareeraysan).

Hadii aynu u hadalo si guud sawiradeenu waxay u badan yihiin Ilays noqod (Reflected light), laakiin waxa mararka qaar ka muuqan kara sawirka Ilays gudub ( Transmitted light), sida Qoraxda iyo Iftiinka Wadooyinka.

W/Q: Karl Taylor

Casharka Koobaad
Shayga ugu h**eeya uguna muhiimsan ee ay tahay in aynu fahano, kamaradahan casrigaa ( SLR ) si loo qaado sawir waa in aynu haysanna 6-dan shay.

1: Light – Ma qaadi kartid sawir iftiin la’aantii xaaladaha qaar.
2: Medium – Halka iftiinka ama sawirka lagu kaydiyo.
3: Aperture – Daloolka uu iftiinku sii dhex maro.
4: Shutter Speed – Xadiga wakhtiga iftiinka loo ogolaaday in uu dhex maro daloolka (Aperture).
5: Composition – Waxa uu yahay sawirkaagu iyo sida aad u maamushay.
6: Opticis* – kuwani waa Lenses-ka u soo daba Kamaradda iyo diiradda, iftiinka sawir ahaan.
*waxa macquula in sawir la qaado Optics la’aantii iyadoo iftiinku uu soo dhex marayo dalool aad u yar (Apertute) habkani waxa uu diiradda saarayaa in iftiinku ku fillaado taas oo suuragelinaysa in uu sawir samaysmo.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee Optics waxay fududaynayaan in sawirkaagii uu noqdo mid aad weynayn karto yarayna karto cabirka sawirka.

Halkanna waa lixdii muhiimka ahaa oo faahfaahsan:

*Light- si aad sawir u qaaddo waxa aad u baahan tahay iftiin, iftiinkaasi waxa uu noqon karaa dabiici (Qoraxda/Dayaxa) ama samays sida Laambad ama Bilig (Flash).

*Medium- Film, digital sensor agab lagu duubo wax, walxahan waxay suuragal ku yihiin Sensitives kala duwan kuwaas oo guud ahaan loo yaqaan ISO (Film Speed) waana kuwa aynu ku duubno ama ku qabano iftiinka gudihiisa.

*Aperture (AV-Aperture Value)- cabirka daloolka uu iftiinku soo dhex marayo si uu u samaysmo sawir.
Waxaynu tusaale u soo qaadan karaa Kamarad bilaa Lens ah (Pinhole Camera), daloolkani wuxu soo qabsanayaa falaadhaha iftiinka si uu ugu sameeyo sawir Medium-ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee si aynu u qaadn sawir tayadiisu sarayso waxaynu isticmaalaa Lenses si aynu u soo qabsano iftiinka iyo daloolka (Aperture) ku haboon.
Gudaha lens-ka waxaa laga maamulaa inta iftiin ah ee soo dhex martay ama intee oo iftiin/sawir oo diiradda u saaran.

*Shutter Speed( TV-time Value)- Inta jeer ee loo ogolaaday iftiinku in uu soo dhex maro daloolka. Tani waxay ina siinaysaa in aynu qalajinno shay ku socda xawli, inaga oo isticmaalayna Shutter speed aad u sareeya ama u ogolaanayna walxaha socdaa in ay noqdaan qaar caad galay (blurred) inaga oo isticmaalayna Shutter speed hooseeya.
Wakhtiga iftiinka loo ogolyahay in uu soo dhex maro caadiyan waxa maamula albaal furmaya xidhmayana oo la yidhaa Shutter.
Wakhtiga waynu maamuli karaa inaga oo ka tagayna Shutter-ka oo furan saacado illaa jajabyo ilbidhiqsiyo ah.

*Composition- sida uu sawirkaagu yahay iyo sida aad u maamushay, tan waxa kaloo hoos imanaya xagasha uu kaaga muuqdo sawirku, farshaxankaaga (perspective), midabka, shayga laftiisu midabka uu samaynayo marka aad qaado ka bacdi, iyo shayga laftiisa.
*Opticis- Waa lens kaas oo diiradda saara iftiinka meel u calaamadsan oo Medium-ka dhexdiisa ah. Wuxuu ku xidhan yahay nooca Lens ee aad isticmaalaysid, qaabkiisa iyo xadiga walxuhu siday u kala durugsan yihiin ayaa go’aaminaya hadii sawirka la weyneeyo ama la siiyo aragti ka balaadhan indhahaaga aad ku arkaysid.

Hadaad fahanto lixdan qaacidada u ah sawir-qaadista, wixii kale ee aad aragto waxba ha u arkin wuxuunbay hoos imanayaan lixdaa midkood.
Haa sidaasay u fududahay Sawir-qaadistu.

W/Q: Karl Taylor

Series of Photography lessons.
Coming soon!

High-Speed Pluto Trigger Lets You Control Digital Cameras With Your Smartphone

The new Pluto Trigger is a high-speed camera trigger enabling you to control a multitude of functions on your DSLR or other digital camera model with a full-featured app on your iOS or Android smartphone via Bluetooth. The affordable device features 24 modes, including time lapse, HDR, video recording, lightning photography and much more.

Pluto Trigger also offers IR remote control capability, meaning it can be used with a wide variety of cameras—not just DSLRs. It also has a selfie remote function for use with iPhones.

The sophisticated smartphone app will calculate depth–of-field, ND filter shutter speed, 500 Rule and Sunrise/Sunset Time.

-By Ron Leach-