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Immunity System
Immunity is the body’s resistance against diseases. Immunity is the boy's defense againt diseases.
Immunology is the study of the ways in which the body defends against disease and infection.
Immune Defenses Perform:
Protect against infection caused by microbes
Removal of debris and dead cells
Destroys cancer cells that arise in the body
Branches of Immunity System
Immune defenses or immunity can be classified into two categories which interact with each other.
The two general types of immunity are:
1. Non-specific (innate) immunity:
It is a type of defense mechanism that is present at birth.
It does not involve specific recognition of a pathogen but fights against all germs in a same way.
It is the protection against foreign substances or cells without having to recognize their specific identities.
2. Specific (adaptive) immunity:
It is a type of defense mechanism which involves specific recognition of pathogen.
It involves specific recognition of particular microbe.
It is the protection against specific foreign substances
Three Lines of Defense Mechanisms:
Specific and non-specific immunity system can be subdivided into three lines of defense mechanisms, which are:
1. First line of defense:
It is a non-specific defense mechanism that blocks entry of pathogens into the body and acts all microorganisms in a same way
It includes both physical and chemical barriers to prevent germs from entering the body.
Does not involve specific recognition of pathogen
These include skin, mucus, cilia, tears, sweat and etc
2. Second line of defense:
Second line of defense starts when the first line of defense fails to protect and enter the body
It is a non-specific defense mechanism
It does not involve specific recognition of pathogen
Contains a group of phagocytes that defend the body if pathogens manage to pass through the first line of defense.
3.Third line of defense:
Any pathogen that passes the first and second lines of nonspecific defenses faces the third line of specific defenses.
It involves specific recognition of pathogen.
In third line of defense, both chemicals and certain white blood cells (lymphocytes) destroy the microbes
It develops memory to each particular destroyed pathogen.
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Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause life-threatening arrhythmias post-MI?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypophosphatemia
D. Hyponatremia
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PNEUMONIA SIMPLIFIED
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