Waafi mechanical training

Basics of Hydro-Statics

The Branch of science which deals with the study of fluids at rest.

Pascal’s Law

It states that the pressure or intensity of pressure at a point in a fluid at rest is equal in all directions.
Let consider a fluid at rest in a closed container then a change in pressure at one point will be transmitted without loss to every point of fluid and to the walls of the container.
Hydro-static Law

Rate of increase of pressure in the vertical direction is equal to weight density of the fluid at that point at that point.
∫dp= ∫ρgdZ

Where p= pressure

Z= height from surface

Pressure Measurement Terms

Absolute Pressure

Pressure measured with reference to absolute zero pressure.
Gauge Pressure

Pressure measured with reference to the atmospheric pressure.
Vacuum Pressure

Pressure which is below the atmospheric pressure.
Relationships between these different pressures

Pabs = Pgauge + Patm

Pvacuum = Patm – Pabs

MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE ON A FLUID (DEVICES)

MANOMETERS- Simple and Differential
MECHANICAL GAUGES