06/09/2026
Athletes chase oxygen. But your blood is already close to full, and what decides whether it reaches your muscles is CO₂.
CO₂ widens your blood vessels, so more blood reaches working tissue. It's also what tells your hemoglobin to release the oxygen it's carrying into the muscles that need it, instead of holding onto it.
Building your CO₂ tolerance takes weeks. Twenty-one rugby players spent four weeks training with restricted breathing, and by the end could hold their sprint speed roughly 64% longer before fatigue caught up.
Recovery works the same way. Young athletes doing four weeks of slow breathing after weightlifting improved their resting parasympathetic activity, the system that handles repair, more than those doing active recovery.
Neither group got faster over a single sprint. What improved was how long they could hold their pace before fatigue set in, and how well they recovered in between.
Thank you for reading this far. Sources below. Searchable by name, PMID, or DOI:
-2018: "Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation improves running repeated-sprint ability in rugby players" (Fornasier-Santos et al.), PMID 29400616
-2026: "Four weeks of slow-pace breathing during recovery from weightlifting workout improves resting heart rate variability in young baseball players," DOI 10.1016/j.scispo.2025.10.001
-2025: "Box breathing or six breaths per minute: Which strategy improves athletes post-HIIT cardiovascular recovery?" (Kasap et al.), DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0336615