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Your gate to the English language world

SUBJECT: English language

CLASS: Primary 5 ( Grade 5 and 6)

TOPIC: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Introduction:
Understanding Active and Passive Voice helps pupils write better sentences and understand who is doing an action and who is receiving it.

What is Voice in Grammar?
Voice tells us whether the subject of a sentence is doing the action or receiving the action.

There are two types of voice:
Active Voice
Passive Voice

🟢 ACTIVE VOICE
Definition:
A sentence is in the active voice when the subject performs the action.

👉 In simple terms:
The doer of the action comes first.

STRUCTURE:
Subject + Verb + Object

Examples:
1. The boy kicked the ball.
2. Mary washed the plates.
3. The teacher explained the lesson.

Example Sentences:
1. The cat chased the rat.
2. My mother cooked the food.
3. The pupils answered the questions.
4. The farmer planted the maize.

Active voice sentences are clear, direct, and easy to understand.

🔵 PASSIVE VOICE
Definition:
A sentence is in the passive voice when the subject receives the action.

👉 In simple terms:
The action is more important than the doer.

STRUCTURE:
Object + auxiliary verb (is/was/were/are) + past participle + by + subject

(Sometimes the “doer” is not mentioned.)

Examples:
1. The ball was kicked by the boy.
2. The plates were washed by Mary.
3. The lesson was explained by the teacher.

Example Sentences:
1. The rat was chased by the cat.
2. The food was cooked by my mother.
3. The questions were answered by the pupils.
4. The maize was planted by the farmer.

Passive voice is often used when:
1. We don’t know who did the action.
2. The doer is not important.
3. We want to sound formal.

CHANGING ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE VOICE
EXAMPLE 1:
Active:
The girl wrote the letter.

Passive:
The letter was written by the girl.

EXAMPLE 2
Active:
Mary washed the plates.

Passive:
The plates were washed by Mary.

EXAMPLE 3
Active:
The teacher explained the lesson.

Passive:
The lesson was explained by the teacher.

EXAMPLE

Grammar

SUBJECT: PHONICS

CLASS: Kindergarten 2 ( KG 2)

TOPIC: The 26 English letters and their sounds.

A- Z🕺
a – /a/ → apple, ant, axe
b – /b/ → ball, bag, bat
c – /k/ → cat, cup, cap
d – /d/ → dog, dig, drum
e – /e/ → egg, end, enter
f – /f/ → fan, fish, food
g – /g/ → goat, gun, gate
h – /h/ → hat, hen, hot
i – /i/ → ink, ice, insect
j – /dʒ/ → jam, jug, jeep
k – /k/ → kite, key, king
l – /l/ → leg, lip, lion
m – /m/ → man, map, mop
n – /n/ → nose, net, nap
o – /ɒ/ → orange, ox, off
p – /p/ → pen, pan, pig
q – /kw/ → queen, quick
r – /r/ → rat, red, ride
s – /s/ → sun, sit, sand
t – /t/ → top, tap, ten
u – /ʌ/ → up, under, umbrella
v – /v/ → van, vest, vote
w – /w/ → win, wet, wall
x – /ks/ → box, fox, six
y – /j/ → yes, yam, yellow
z – /z/ → zip, zoo, zero

تحية خاصة لأحدث المتابعين لي! يسرني انضمامك! Mohamed Ibrahim, Hashim Mohammed

تحية خاصة لأحدث المتابعين لي! يسرني انضمامك! Abd Oo, أم أحمد

SUBJECT: PHONICS

CLASS: JSS 3 ( Grade 9)

TOPIC: IDENTIFYING VOWELS IN WORDS

Introduction
If you can identify the vowels in a word, you already understand half of its spelling and pronunciation.Vowels allow sound to flow freely and form the core of every syllable. Some English words carry many vowels.. spotting them early prevents spelling errors.

Tip: Long words = many vowels = careful spelling!

THE VOWELS
The main vowels are:
A, E, I, O, U
+ Y (sometimes)

WHY STUDENTS/LEARNERS MUST MASTER THIS.
Identifying vowels helps you to:
✔ Spell difficult words correctly
✔ Divide words into syllables accurately
✔ Identify vowel sounds in oral English
✔ Avoid WAEC/NECO common spelling traps
✔ Improve pronunciation and reading speed

IDENTIFYING VOWELS IN WORDS
1️⃣ Words with Multiple Vowels:

Examples:
education → e, u, a, i, o
communication → o, u, i, a, i, o
organisation → o, a, i, a, i, o
environment → e, i, o, e
examination → e, a, i, a, i, o

2️⃣ Vowels in Academic & Formal Vocabulary
These are common in comprehension passages and essays.

Examples:
development → e, e, o, e
government → o, e, e
management → a, a, e, e
responsibility → e, o, i, i, i
opportunity → o, o, u, i, y

3️⃣ Silent Vowels
Some vowels are written but not pronounced.. yet they still count.

Examples:
separate → e, e, a, e (last e silent)
science → i, e, e
business → u, i, e
temperature → e, e, a, u, e

4️⃣ Vowel Digraphs (Two Vowels Together)
Sometimes two vowels appear side by side.

Examples:
beauty → e, a, u, y
receive → e, e, i, e
cooperate → o, o, o, e, a, e
aeroplane → a, e, o, a, e

Two vowels ≠ two sounds always!

5️⃣ When “Y” Functions as a Vowel.
“Y” acts as a vowel when it sounds like /ɪ/ or /iː/.

Examples:
symbol → y
system → y, e
analysis → a, a, y, i
myth → y
cryptic → y, i

Consonants may shape words.. but vowels give them rhythm, flow, and meaning.
Master vowels and spelling, pronunciation, and reading become easier.