Speak English Like Native Speakers -SENE

Finally, Eventually, Ultimately: What’s the Difference?

Finally, eventually, and ultimately generally show time. They often suggest the idea of a later time or the end of a period of time. In some cases, they are very close in meaning.

But there are some differences in the ways that English speakers use these terms. Let's explore a few of them.

Finally

Finally is often used to introduce the last in a series of statements. When used in this way, finally is especially common in speeches, presentations, or in formal writing such as in an academic paper or a job application.

For example, a person might end a presentation by saying:

Finally, I'd like to thank the conference organizers for putting together this event.

Eventually

Eventually means at some later time or in the end. It can be used to talk about something that will happen in the future. For example, you might hear a basketball fan say:

The Celtics have some good young players. In a few years, they’ll eventually win the championship.

Or, you might hear a gardener talk about a tree that will grow to a tall height, as in:

This tree will eventually reach a height of 50 meters.

Ultimately

Ultimately can mean: in the most important way or at the most basic level.

When it has this meaning, speakers often use it at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, as in:

Ultimately, it is a question for the voters to decide.

It is ultimately a question for the voters to decide.

What can you do?

The next time you read in English or listen to English speakers, try to pay careful attention to words such as finally, eventually, and ultimately. Over time, you will notice regular ways that speakers use these terms.

With hard work and careful study, you will eventually understand how to use these terms with ease.

City, District, County, Town: What Are the Differences?

There are differences between how these levels of governance look between countries, so let’s only explore the United States.

In the United States, we use the term “state” instead of the term “province.”

A state is a part of a country that can make its own laws about some things. But it is still controlled by the federal government.

The United States has 50 states - Texas, New York, California, and so on.

Each of these states generally has many cities, districts, counties, and towns.

A city is a place where people live that is larger than a town. Famous cities in the U.S. include New York City, Dallas, Los Angeles, Chicago.

Let’s talk through an example.

Colorado is a state. Cities in Colorado include Denver, with an estimated population around 730,000, and Colorado Springs, with about 480,000 people.

Towns in Colorado include Silverton, with an estimated population of 600, and Nucla, with around 700.

A county is an area of a state that is larger than a city and has its own government to deal with local issues. For example, El Paso County, in Colorado, has the city of Colorado Springs as well as other communities inside of it.

A district is an area of a country, city, or town that a government establishes for official business.

In the U.S., there are school districts, voting districts, and so on.

Colorado’s 5th Congressional District, for example, is a voting district that includes Colorado Springs and other communities.

It might help to think about different levels of governance in your country. Then you can compare your country to the United States. Maps can help, as well as the news!

How to Use ‘Between’ and ‘Among’

Prepositions - words or groups of words that are used with nouns, noun phrases, or pronouns to show direction, location, and so on - are a difficult subject. They sometimes have clear uses and differences, but sometimes they share meanings with other prepositions. We will explore that idea later.
Among

Let’s start with among. Many of the uses of among center on the idea of a group of people or things.
For example, news stories for over a year have had language such as:
The coronavirus is spreading quickly among members of the community.
In this case, among means in or through a group of people. Among can also be used to show that a group of people or things is involved in, or affected by something, as in:
The new rules have led to increased competition among local businesses.
And among can mean in the presence of a group of people. News stories often carry language such as:
The prime minister was standing among his supporters.
Between

Between often carries the idea of a separation, as in:
The ball is between the tree and the house.
In this case, between means in the space that separates two things - the tree and the house.
Between can also mean in the time that separates two actions or events, as in:
If you want to stay healthy, you should drink plenty of water between meals.
Sometimes a similar meaning
In many cases, among is used for a group of things or people, and between is used for two things or people.
But the difference in meaning is not always so clear.
In some cases, between and among have pretty much the same meaning. Consider these two statements, both of which appear in Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary:
They compared the cars but found few differences between them.
They compared several new cars but found few differences among them.
In both cases, the preposition shows the group of things that are being considered or compared.

The Difference between Will and Would

Grammar books often call will the base or present form and would the past form. However, modals do not always connect to exact ideas about present and past time.
Consider these two examples. The main verb is go.
I will go to the store tomorrow.
I would go to the store, but my car isn’t working!
The first statement suggests a future action, while the second statement suggests a wish about a present situation.
For now, let us leave aside these issues and explore a few clear ways English speakers use will and would.
Will
Will can mark future time, as in the example you heard earlier:
I will go to the store tomorrow.
But it also has other uses, as in:
The reason my friend has done so well in business is that he will not invest in risky companies.
That statement suggests a general policy or rule that has been in place for a long time.
Will can also be used for commands, as in:
You will finish your homework!
Would
Would often suggests a wish or desire about a present situation. For example:
I wish it would stop snowing.
Would can also be used for polite requests, as in:
What would you like to eat?
Or:
Excuse me, would you be able to tell me where the train station is?
General ideas
Think of will and would as family members, perhaps sisters.
Will, the strong, firm sister, is often used for commands or actions.
Would, the quieter, softer one, is used more for expressing dreams, wishes, possibilities and polite requests.
This comparison is not perfect. But, it does provide a general idea about the difference between will and would.
When you read news stories or listen to English speakers, pay careful attention to how they use will and would. With time, you will develop a stronger understanding of these difficult words. And that would make us all cheer!
That is Speak English like Native Programmme

All of your examples have one thing in common: They use the verb “do” in positive statements.

You probably know that “do” can act as a main verb or an auxiliary verb, depending on how it is used. Your examples use it as an auxiliary verb, also known as a helping verb.

The helping verb ‘do’

When “do” is a helping verb, it helps us do many things, such as:

Form questions, as in, “Do you play football?”
Give short answers, as in, “Yes, I do.”
Make negative statements, as in, “I do not play football.”
(and) Give negative commands, as in, “Do not play football.”

We do not normally use the helping verb “do” in positive statements, such as, “I play football.” However, we can use it in such statements to show emphasis.

For instance, suppose someone was not sure about whether or not you play football. You might make the answer clear by saying, “I do play football.” Or, suppose your friends were saying they play basketball. But you play a different sport: football. You might say, “I don’t play basketball. But I do play football.”

Use of “do” in the positive statement “I do play football” makes the point stronger or clearer.

Similarly, in the examples you asked about, the helping verb “do” was used to give extra emphasis to the positive.

In speaking, when we use “do” in this way, we say it a little louder than the words around it. Listen again: “I do play football.” In writing, we sometimes italicize the word to show the emphasis.

Problem

“Problem” is a word that you can use in many different situations. A problem is a difficulty to overcome or a question to solve. We may say, for example:

The poor economy has caused social problems.

Or you could ask somebody this question if they look unhappy:

What’s the problem?

There are many words that are close in meaning to problem, such as trouble or challenge.

Issue

A more formal word that sometimes has the same meaning as problem is “issue.” It can mean a topic or subject. At meetings, “issue” is used for an important problem that people debate or talk about. You may hear political candidates use this word as in this example:

My opponent does not make clear statements on the issues.

We can also use “issue” to talk about things that a large number of people care about. For example:

Ocean scientists spoke on the environmental issue of plastic pollution.

Matter

“Matter” is a more formal way of saying topic or material. The word “matter” can have a more neutral or a positive meaning than problem or issue, as in:

We will discuss the matter of awards in the next meeting.

However, “matter” is also an informal way of saying “problem” when we ask a question like:

What’s the matter?

How formal is the situation?

When you are trying to decide which of the three words to use, ask yourself: How formal is this situation? If it is informal, then use the word “problem.” When talking about a political subject or a debate topic, you may use the word “issue.” If the situation is more formal or a legal discussion, or you are talking about something that is not a problem, use the word “matter.”

Beyond and Behind

Beyond

“Beyond” can be an adverb – a word that changes the meaning of a verb, or a preposition, a word that shows location. As an adverb, it means at a further distance, as in this example:
From my window, I can see the city lights and the mountains beyond.
It can also mean to or until a later time, or in the future, as in this sentence:
People need to know math through their school years and beyond.
In the “Toy Story” movies, the astronaut Buzz Lightyear has a favorite saying,
To infinity and beyond!
That expression means he is willing to go very far in exploring space.
As a preposition, you can use “beyond” to talk about a place or location at a greater distance than when using the word “behind.”
There was a dog barking behind the fence, and beyond him two children were playing.

Behind

“Behind” can be used an adverb, preposition, or noun. As an adverb, it means in or toward the back of something. For example, you may have seen a family of ducks walking in a line:
The mother duck came first, with the baby ducks following behind.


But note that you could not use “beyond” in that sentence. Another use of “behind” is when describing something that is not happening on time.
During the pandemic, many people got behind on their rent.
That is, the rent payments were arriving late. You probably are familiar with the use of “behind” as a preposition, meaning at the back or rear of something. But it can also mean in the past, as in these examples:
After winning the lottery, her financial problems were all behind her.
Your old clothes are just behind the times.
Now, let me test your understanding of “behind” and “beyond” in a quiz.

Choose the right words to complete this sentence:

Mail deliveries usually fall ______ around the winter holidays, but they improve ______ the new year.
Are you ready? If you chose “behind” for the first blank and “beyond” for the second blank, you know the difference.

Use either ‘happy’ or ‘glad’

“Glad” and “happy” both share the meaning of the feeling of pleasure, joy or delight. Sometimes the two words can be used the same way. In sentences with the words “be,” “look” or “feel,” “glad” and “happy” are very similar, so either one can be used. Here are two examples:

He feels glad about how things turned out.

She looks happy with her coat.

You can also use “glad” or “happy” when you want to say that someone is willing to do something. For example:

I would be glad to join you.

I would be happy to help you.

Use ‘happy’ only

One way in which you would use “happy” and not “glad” is when you are describing a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment because of your life or situation. For example:

She was a very happy child.

Happy is better in this sentence for this reason: the child was happy because of conditions in her situation. It was more than just one event. If you were to say that the child was glad, it would be a temporary feeling. For example:

She was very glad when her father came home.

Another time when you would use “happy” instead of “glad” is when it is used as an adjective -- changing the meaning of the following noun. Here are a few examples:

I could hear the child’s happy laughter from the other room.

They have had a very happy marriage.

Those were happy times.

Another way in which “happy” is used is when it is used as part of a greeting or wish for someone on a holiday or special occasion. You would always use “happy,” not “glad,” for a greeting like this:

We are wishing you happy holidays!

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Way

The word “way” can mean how someone behaves, appears or feels. Here is an example of how to use it in a sentence:

She just wants to do it her way, and not her mother’s way.

“Way” can also mean a method or system for doing something. For example:

The easiest way to do this is to leave plenty of time for everything.

Path

A “path” can be a narrow clearing or markings left in the ground from the movement of people or animals. Some paths are created for people to walk or ride on, such as a bike path. Here is an example:

The bike path led to the beach.

A “path” can also mean a series of actions leading to a result or even a way of living.

She did not enjoy medicine. So, she chose a different career path.

Similarities between ‘way’ and ‘path’

Now, let me tell you how the words “way” and “path” are similar.

Both words can describe the area in front of someone or something that is moving. Here are two examples:

A tree had fallen and was blocking our way.

The fire destroyed everything in its path.

“Path” and “way” are also similar when they are describing a road or something that people use to move from one place to another. However, there are some differences between the two words.

One difference is that “way” can describe more than one connected road or path. But we use “path” to describe just one singular road or route. An example of this is:

Can you tell me the way to the beach?

Using “way” here could show that the route has more than one path, but combined they are one “way.” So, if you ask:

Which path do I take to get to the old forest?

You probably mean there is one path to get there.

Let and Leave

Let it be

You hear it often in everyday language. In one famous song the Beatles sing “let it be.” There, it means to relax, and not worry too much about your life. At other times, you may hear “leave her be,” as in this example:
The cat is not happy about visitors, please leave her be.
“Let it/her/him be” and “leave it/her/him be” mean about the same thing. That is, you should permit the cat to remain where she is, and not try to touch her.

Let

“Let” commonly means to permit someone or something to do something. Here are a few examples:
Let me help you if you need it.
The teacher lets us take a five-minute break during class.
It is good to let your dog go outside for half an hour each day.
“Let’s,” a shortened form of “let us” is commonly used for making a suggestion to another person or a group of people. Here are two examples:
Let’s sit under a big tree so we won’t get sunburned.
Let’s tell Andrew to buy some fish for our meal.
“Let us” is more rarely used. It can communicate more like a command than a suggestion. For example, during a religious service, the clergy leader might say, “Let us pray,” meaning “Now, we will pray.”
“Let us” also might be used when the speaker wants to add weight to a request, like in this sentence:
Please let us get a dog, Mom!
The negative way of saying this is “let’s not” or “let us not”. For example:
Let’s not go to a movie today, it is too nice outside!

Leave

“Leave” usually means to go away from a place or person. For example:
We left the park early this afternoon.
I left my friends after the party so I could go home.
“Leave” can also mean to give up or stop having a job or position. For example:
The mayor will be leaving office in a month.
Finally, “leave” also means to let something remain as it is. This is the closest definition of “leave” to “let”, but they are not quite the same. Here are some examples:
After the car accident, I left my car as it was for a few months before I got it fixed.
Painting your room? Leave the color choice to me.

Take and Get

Overall difference

“Get” and “take” are verbs.
“Get” means to gain possession of something. Another word for get is obtain. The word “receive” can also sometimes substitute for “get.”
Ellen got the new bike on her birthday.
“Take” means “to move or carry something from one place to another.”
Ellen takes her new bike everywhere she needs to go.
“Take” often suggests to gain possession of something by force, illegally or unfairly. Then it is similar to verbs like “seize” and “capture.”
The military took control of the country after the soldiers rebelled.

Take

Take is also often used more idiomatically, as well, in providing directions to a place. For example:
Jack’s store is on Robbins Road. Take 4th Street for a mile and you will see it.
In that case, take means “use” or “follow.”
Confusingly, “take” can also be used similar to the verb “give,” like in this sentence:
Michael takes care of Jennifer’s dog.
In that case, the speaker means Michael is the person responsible for meeting the dog’s needs. He is the caregiver to the dog.
Finally, “take” is often used in connection with expressions of time. For example:
Ellie takes 30 minutes to get ready for work.
That sentence has the exact same meaning as “Ellie spends 30 minutes to get ready for work.”
Get

“Get” also is common to idiomatic expressions. It often substitutes for the verbs “understand” and “know.” Listen to this sentence:
I get that we have to learn math but I do not like it.
Sometimes that usage clearly suggests a speaker’s impatience or frustration.
“I get it, Mom! I have to clean my room today.”
Finally, “get” is a common substitute for verbs “feel,” “become,” or “start,” among others. Here are some examples:
I’m going to leave for lunch when I get hungry.
She gets sad on rainy days.
He left the show when the music got loud.
There are many more idiomatic uses of “get” and “take.” Look for them whenever you get to practice your English! We are sure to take up the subject again.

Little and Small

Little

We use “little” to talk about a small or unimportant amount of something. For example:
There is a little dirt on the floor.
You can also use “little” to describe someone who is young, as in this example:
The little girls laughed at the dog.
Note that when the article “a” is placed before “little,” it means you do have some amount of a thing.
She has a little experience with political campaigns.
But without the article, “little” means you are lacking or missing something.
I have little need for swimwear in the winter.

Small

There is an important difference between the words “little” and “small.” The difference is, when describing an amount, we use “little.” But when describing the size of someone or something, we use “small.” Here is an example:
The airplane seats are only a good fit for small adults.
Another different use of “small” is when comparing one thing with another.
My new phone is smaller than the old one.
It is not correct to compare amounts with the word “little.” In spoken English, people add the ending -est to “little” when comparing sizes. The word “littlest” is often used when describing sometime cute and very small.
That is the littlest puppy I have ever seen!

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