Learning English

Umuntu ushoboye kwigisha imibare n 'ikinyarwanda anyandikire tuvugane.murakoze!

Who is a teacher?

What's on your mind?
I talk to a Lady who broke up with her Ex Cuz of Distance.He Opened up that he Cheated and got her pregnant.They got back,She got pregnant,Guy Denied and asked her to Abort.Four years later he is Back,that he wants her...Drama live on learning English...... what advice can you give to this lady?

To take a French leave is to go with out permission.

how to use had better
We use "had better" plus the infinitive without "to" to give advice. Although "had" is the past form of "have", we use "had better" to give advice about the present or future.

You'd better tell her everything.
I'd better get back to work.
We'd better meet early.
The negative form is "had better not".

You'd better not say anything.
I'd better not come.
We'd better not miss the start of his presentation.
We use "had better" to give advice about specific situations, not general ones. If you want to talk about general situations, you must use "should".

You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.
I shouldn't listen to negative people.
He should dress more appropriately for the office.
When we give advice about specific situations, it is also possible to use "should".

You shouldn't say anything.
I should get back to work.
We should meet early.
However, when we use "had better" there is a suggestion that if the advice is not followed, that something bad will happen.

You'd better do what I say or else you will get into trouble.
I'd better get back to work or my boss will be angry with me.
We'd better get to the airport by five or else we may miss the flight.

COMMON ENGLISH ERRORS..........

Wrong : I have visited Niagara Falls last weekend.
Right : I visited Niagara Falls last weekend.

Wrong : The woman which works here is from Japan.
Right : The woman who works here is from Japan.

Wrong : She’s married with a dentist.
Right : She’s married to a dentist.

Wrong : She was boring in the class.
Right : She was bored in the class.

Wrong : I must to call him immediately.
Right : I must call him immediately.

Wrong : Every students like the teacher.
Right : Every student likes the teacher.

Wrong : Although it was raining, but we had the picnic.
Right : Although it was raining, we had the picnic.

Wrong : I enjoyed from the movie.
Right : I enjoyed the movie.

Wrong : I look forward to meet you.
Right : I look forward to meeting you.

Wrong : I like very much ice cream.
Right : I like ice cream very much.

Wrong : She can to drive.
Right : She can drive.

Wrong : Where I can find a bank?
Right : Where can I find a bank?

Wrong : I live in United States.
Right : I live in the United States.

Wrong : When I will arrive, I will call you.
Right : When I arrive, I will call you.

Wrong : I’ve been here since three months.
Right : I’ve been here for three months

Wrong : My boyfriend has got a new work.
Right : My boyfriend has got a new job. (or just "has a new job")

Wrong : She doesn’t listen me.
Right : She doesn’t listen to me.

Wrong : You speak English good.
Right : You speak English well.

Wrong : The police is coming.
Right : The police are coming.

Wrong : The house isn’t enough big.
Right : The house isn’t big enough.

Wrong : You should not to smoke.
Right : You should not smoke.

Wrong : Do you like a glass of wine?
Right : Would you like a glass of wine?

Wrong : There is seven girls in the class.
Right : There are seven girls in the class.

Wrong : I didn’t meet nobody.
Right : I didn’t meet anybody.

Wrong : My flight departs in 5:00 am.
Right : My flight departs at 5:00 am.

GENDER

Definition: You know that living beings are of either the male or the female s*x. Now compare the words in the following pairs:

Boy (Lion, Hero, Cock-sparrow)
Girl (Lioness, Heroine, Hen-sparrow)
What do you notice?
The first word of each pair is the name of a male animal.
The second word of each pair is the name of a female animal.
A noun that denotes a male animal is said to be of the Masculine Gender. [Gender comes from Latin genus, kind or sort.]
A noun that denotes a female animal is said to be of the Feminine Gender.

A noun that denotes either a male or a female is said to be of the Common Gender; as Parent, child, friend, pupil, servant, thief, relation, enemy, cousin, person, orphan, student, baby, monarch, neighbour, infant.

A noun that denotes a thing that is neither male nor female (i.e., thing without life) is said to be of the Neuter Gender; as, Book, pen, room, tree. [Neater means neither, that is, neither male nor female]

It will be thus seen that in Modern English the Gender of a noun is entirely a matter of s*x or the absence of s*x. It has nothing to do with the form of a noun, which determines its gender in many other languages, e.g., in Urdu where bagiche is masculine and lakri is feminine.

Objects without life are often personified, that is, spoken of as if they were living beings. We then regard them as males or females.

The Masculine Gender is often applied to objects remarkable for strength and violence; as,
The Sun, Summer, Winter, Time, Death,
The sun sheds his beams on rich and poor alike.
The Feminine Gender is sometimes applied to objectsremarkable for beauty, gentleness, and gracefulness; as,
The Moon, the Earth, Spring, Autumn, Nature, Liberty, Justice, Mercy, Peace, Hope, Charity.
The moon has hidden her face behind a cloud.
Spring has spread her mantle of green over the earth.
Peace hath her victories no less renowned than war.
This use is most common in poetry but certain nounsare personified in nro

Commonly, an infinitive is used with the subject it. The sentence structure is "It is + infinitive" It refers to the infinitive. This expression is used in many ways.It is time to do math.It is common to think that way.It is appropriate to keep a low profile.It was nice to see you.It was my pleasure to meet you.It was my honor to have dinner with you.It is good to see you.It was great to go on a trip with them.Both gerunds and infinitive phrases can function as nouns, in a variety of ways. Gerunds and infinitives can follow certain verbs but not others. You need to remember which verbs can be followed by only a gerund or only an infinitive.

Verbs that can precede only gerunds:
consider, suggest, enjoy, deny, avoid, miss, mind, practice, postpone, resist, finish, quit, give up, put off

Verbs that can precede only infinitives:
offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, afford, deserve, refuse, undertake, learn, fail, seem, appear, tend, pretend, choose, demand, desire, guarantee, claim, manage, determine, expect, want, wish

Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives without changing meanings:

continue, like, love, begin, start, propose, neglect, stand, hate

Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives but change meanings:

forget, remember, stop, tryI stopped watching the movie. (I no longer watched the movie.)I stopped to watch the movie. (I stopped what I was doing to watch the movie.)

An infinitive is a verb combined with the word to. Most often, an infinitive acts as a noun in the sentence. Less frequently, it acts as an adjective or an adverb.I want to go home early today.I hope to be chosen as a member.I prefer to go there earlier.You need to consider various rules in writing sentences.You have to explain your reasoning in detail.You might wish to act as a teacher.To leave for a vacation is my only wish at this time.A common mistake in a relationship is not to trust the other person.Help me to save the trees!To be mentally healthy, you must read books.Do you want me to fill out this form?Here is our to-do list.It was nice to meet you.It is time to move on.I am young enough to change my habits.Don't forget not to make grammar mistakes.You are required to leave all your belongings here.I came to see a doctor today.You have to work harder to succeed.I need to take three more classes to finish my graduate study.I got closer to the speaker to listen clearly.Be sure to check if you have tickets.I am going to buy the new computer.Generally, it is not common to split to and the verb except for when you want to emphasize the verb.I want you to immediately stop doing that.You have to seriously work hard to succeed.You need to definitely explain your reasoning in detail.

How do we make the Simple Past Tense?

To make the simple past tense, we use:past form only
orauxiliary did + base form

Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular verbs and regular verbs:

V1
base
V2
past
V3
past participle
regular verbwork
explode
likeworked
exploded
likedworked exploded likedThe past form for all regular verbs ends in -ed.irregular verbgo
see
singwent
saw
sanggone seen sungThe past form for irregular verbs is variable. You need to learn it by heart..You do not need the past participle form to make the simple past tense. It is shown here for completeness only.

The structure forpositive sentences in the simple past tense is:

subject+main verbpast

The structure for negative sentences in the simple past tense is:

subject+auxiliary verb+not+main verbdidbase

The structure for question sentences in the simple past tense is:

auxiliary verb+subject+main verbdidbase

The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did, you did, he did etc). And the base form and past form do not change. Look at these examples with the main verbs go and work:

subjectauxiliary verbmain verb+Iwentto school+Youworkedvery hardShedidnotgowith meWedidnotworkyesterday?Didyougoto London??Didtheyworkat home?

Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were, they were); and we donot use an auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a question, we exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:

subjectmain verb+I, he/she/itwashere.+You, we, theywerein London.I, he/she/itwasnotthere.You, we, theywerenothappy.?WasI, he/she/itright??Wereyou, we, theylate?

How do we use the Simple Past Tense?

We use the simple past tense to talk about an action or a situation—an event—in the past. The event can be short or long.

Here are some short events with the simple past tense:

The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday.

She went to the door.

We did not hear the telephone.

Did you see that car?
pastpresentfutureThe action is in the past.

Here are some long events with the simple past tense:

I lived in Bangkok for 10 years.

The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years.

We did not sing at the concert.

Did you watch TV last night?
pastpresentfutureThe action is in the past.

Notice that it does not matter how long ago the event is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the past, or millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter how long the event is. It can be a few milliseconds (car explosion) or millions of years (Jurassic period). We use the simple past tense when:

the event is in the pastthe event is completely finishedwe say (or understand) the time and/or place of the event

In general, if we say the time or place of the event, we must use the simple past tense; we cannot use the present perfect.

Here are some more examples:

I lived in that house when I was young.He didn't like the movie.What did you eat for dinner?John drove to London on Monday.Mary did not go to work yesterday.Did you play tennis last week?I was at work yesterday.We were not late (for the train).Were you angry?

Note that when we tell a story, we usually use the simple past tense. We may use the past continuous tense to "set the scene", but we almost always use the simple past tense for the action. Look at this example of the beginning of a story: "The wind was howling around the hotel and the rain was pouring down. It was cold. The door opened and James Bond entered. He took off his coat, which was very wet, and ordered a drink at the bar. He sat down in the corner of the lounge and quietly drank his..."

This page shows the use of the simple past tense to talk about past events. But note that there are some other uses for the simple past tense, for example in conditional or if sentences.

Use:
Sentences in the present simple tense are true all the time.

I come from Japan.I live in Paris.I like animals.I have three sisters.

Form:
1) Form the present simple this way:
Positive

I

like





animals

you

he



likes

she

it

we

like

they

Negative

I

don’t





like





animals

you

he



doesn’t

she

it

we

don’t

they

Questions

Do

I





like





animals?

you



Does

he

she

it

Do

we

they

Short answers





Yes,

I

do

you

he



does

she

it

we

do

they







No,

I

don’t

you

he



doesn’t

she

it

we

don’t

they



Spelling Rules for 3rd person (he / she / it)

If a verb ends in consonant + y, change y to i and add es.

I study English. He studies English.

If a verb ends in tch, ss, x, sh or z, add es.

She watches television.
Susan misses her family.
He fixes the television.
My dad washes the car on Sundays.

Some verbs have irregular spellings:

I go → he / she / it goes
I do → he / she / it does
I have → he / she / it has

Common mistakes
1) Some students forget to add s for he/she/it.
My mother like chocolate. → My mother likes chocolate.

2) Some students make the negative form incorrectly.
Tom no work here. → Tom doesn’t work here.
Tom isn’t work here.
Tom don’t work here.

3) Some students forget to use Do and Does to make questions.
You like this song? → Do you like this song?
Is your father work here? → Does your father work here?