Chemistry essay

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I've read something and I want to share with you😯

This is a helium hydride ion (HeH+). It is technically* the strongest acid in existence.

Now you may be thinking something along the lines of: “Wait a minute, I thought helium was a noble gas and so didn't bond with anything!”

I hate to tell you this but what you learnt in school was wrong.

Helium hydride is formed in the decay of tritium and many believe that it is found in the interstellar medium (the matter that is found between star systems in galaxies), although, none has been observed there.

It is also possible that it was the first compound in the universe because when the universe became cool enough for ions to form, only hydrogen and helium (and a little lithium) were present. These ions of helium hydride would later cause the formation of the first stars.

So how is it the strongest acid in existence?

To find the acidity of helium hydride, the proton affinity test is used, this measures the amount of energy released when the substance reacts with a proton. The lower the amount of energy released, the stronger the acid.

Helium has the lowest known proton affinity and therefore helium hydride is the strongest known acid. It is in fact so reactive that it can not actually be measured with the normal pH scale.

Helium hydride still remains a bit of a mystery to scientists. It is tough to spot via spectroscopy and should be seen easily given that current models suggest that there should be lots of it. The other compounds suggested by the models have been found so why not helium hydride? Maybe it isn't quite as stable as we thought.

Because helium hydride is so integral to our understanding of how the first stars were formed, if it has different properties to what we think now it would cause us to have to rewrite our ideas of how the first stars and galaxies appeared.

As I said in another scientific answer, if anything is wrong, please tell me and I will correct

Atomic Number Definition😉
The atomic number of a chemical element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. It is the charge number of the nucleus, since neutrons carry no net electrical charge. The atomic number determines the identity of an element and many of its chemical properties. The modern periodic table is ordered by increasing atomic number.

Atomic Number Examples
The atomic number of hydrogen is 1; the atomic number of carbon is 6, and the atomic number of silver is 47, Any atom with 47 protons is an atom of silver

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Who is the father of chemistry?
The first chemist actually was a Mesopotamian woman, Tapputi, who described the process of distillation. She might be called the Mother of Chemistry, but really didn't engage in science in the modern sense of the word.
Jabir ibn Hayyan or "Geber", as he was also called, applied the scientific method to the study of alchemy circa 800 AD. Many people consider him to be the Father of Chemistry. Another popular choice for the title of Father of Chemistry is Antoine Lavoisier, who listed elements, described properties of matter, helped to revise and standardize chemistry nomenclature and made a host of other contribution to the field of chemistry. Lavoisier sometimes is known as the Father of Modern Chemistry, to distinguish his work from contributions made before chemistry was a true science.

Geber and Lavoisier aren't the only people who have been called the "Father of Chemistry." Other investigators may be known by this name
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Hi my friends today i have a very interesting Articale about (ATOM)
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Atoms Around Us
You are made of different types of atoms.
Atoms are building blocks. If you want to create a language, you'll need an alphabet. If you want to build molecules, you will need atoms of different elements. Elements are the alphabet in the language of molecules. Each element is a little bit different from the rest.

Why are we talking about elements when this is the section on atoms? Atoms are the general term used to describe pieces of matter. You have billions of billions of atoms in your body. However, you may only find about 40 elements. You will find billions of hydrogen (H) atoms, billions of oxygen (O) atoms, and a bunch of others. All of the atoms are made of the same basic pieces, but they are organized in different ways to make unique elements.
Common Elements
Common elements can build very different molecules.
Let's work with that idea for a bit. If you read a book, you will find words on each page. Letters make up those words. In English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can make thousands of words. In chemistry, you are working with almost 120 elements. When you combine them, you can make millions of different molecules.

Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together in the same way that words are groups of letters. An "A" will always be an "A" no matter what word it is in. A sodium (Na) atom will always be a sodium atom no matter what compound it is in. While the atoms have different masses and organization for each element, they are all built with the same parts. Electrons, protons, and neutrons make the Universe the way it is.
From Simple to Complex
Small parts combine to form larger structures.
If you want to do a little more thinking, imagine the smallest particles of matter. Super-tiny subatomic particles are used to create the parts of atoms. Protons, neutrons, and electrons can then organize to form atoms. Atoms are then used to create the molecules around us. As we just learned, there are almost 120 elements that can be found in the molecules we know. Smaller molecules can work together and build macromolecules. It just goes on. Everything you see or imagine is built from something else.

You could start really small...
- Particles of matter
- Atoms
- Molecules
- Macromolecules
- Cell organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Systems
- Organisms
- Populations
- Ecosystems
- Biomes
- Planets
- Systems with Stars
- Galaxies
- The Universe
...And finish really big.

Wow! All of that is possible because of atoms

SOURCE FROM:http://www.chem4kids.com/index.html

If you like to be a chemist you have to read this essay........😉

Essay on Importance of Chemistry

On November 7, 2013 By Pawan Srivastav
Category: Essays, Paragraphs and Articles

Introduction😎

Chemistry is one of the basic sciences. Knowledge of chemistry is indispensable for the pursuit of any of the other sciences. We need it for the study of Technology, Pharmacology, Mineralogy, and what not. It is indispensable for the study of physics, geology, biology and physiology. Hence it is a compulsory subject of study for every science student.


In the modern industrial age this importance is even more widely felt. It is needed in workshops, in laboratories, in medical clinics, on farm lands, as well as in various manufacturing processes.

It would be almost impossible to enumerate all the departments of science in which the services of the chemist are required or of uses to which this science is put. We shall indicate some of the more important ones in order to give an indication as to how indispensable it is.

The Importance of Chemistry❤

We are living in an age of synthetic products. The increased demand for various natural products and the fact that they may not be easily available everywhere has led to a new development in the world of chemistry. Today natural products are often created artificially by chemical processes Natural indigo has been completely superseded by equivalent synthetic dyes. Real silk manufactured front the cocoon is a costly product and is not readily obtained in all climatic conditions. This has given rise to a large industry of artificial silk called rayon or nylon or by other patented names. During the silk the occupation of the great rubber-producing country of Malaysia by the Japanese led to the development of an artificial rubber industry. Another branch full of endless possibilities is that of plastics. There is nothing that cannot be done with plastics—from clothing to buildings. These examples will give an idea of the role that chemistry will play in the new age that is coming.

Ally of Medical: In the science of medicine, the use of chemistry is fundamental. The men who dispense the prescriptions of the physician are rightly called ‘chemists’. Chemical research goes hand in hand with medical research. Thus the development of organic chemistry has revolutionized the basis of modern medicine. The discovery, of wonder-drugs like penicillin and streptomycin, and the application of the chemistry of dyes to therapeutics have brought about incalculable benefits to humanity.
How it helps Dietetics: The new science of vitamins has added to the importance of the chemistry of food. The war time shortage of food led to the invention of various concentrated chemical foods and helped to make up deficiencies in the quality and content of food. Of course chemical food can never replace natural food, but they form an important addition to our dietary. The science of Biochemistry indeed has developed into an important branch of Chemistry, the value of which in relation to the phenomenon of life is full of possibilities.
As aid to agriculture: The use of chemistry for the agriculturist is also very great, Chemical fertilizers are effectively re-enforcing primitive forms of manure greatly to the enrichment of the soil. Indeed, soil chemistry is a fruitful subject of study and research, particularly in an agricultural country like India. In Russia a chemical laboratory is attached to every farm in order to carry on continuous research in fertilizers and growth-stimulants. We are also introducing harvesting laboratories to help the farmer.
As Weapon of Destruction – The contribution of chemical science to military science involving destruction is as great as t**s creative side. It has helped the large- scale production of glycerin and nitric acid and thus stimulated the manufacture of high-grade explosives in ever-increasing quantities. It has created poisonous gases which are a perpetual threat to the existence of mankind. We live every day in dread that some desperate nation, having reached the dead-end of conventional weapons, would invent some new forms of chemical warfare fraught with new risks to humanity.
The Marvels of Chemistry

The marvels of chemistry are endless. The chemist is the magician who can turn waste products into things both beautiful and useful. Thus from coal one gets coal-gas and its bye-product, coal-dyes, saccharine and many more substances. Waste products like saw-dust can be made to yield oil and acids. Marvelous indeed are the achievements of modern chemistry

Functional Group Review
They are alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and aromatics. There are, believe it or not, other functional groups called aldehydes and ketones, but I'll not hold you responsible for those. So I need you to recognize the functional group in a Lewis structure or draw a Lewis structure containing the functional group given it name. So lets look at some examples of each type.
Functional Group

Condensed Formula

Name

Structure

Lewis Structure

Comments
alcohol

CH3OH

methyl alcohol



In methyl alcohol, or methanol the red atom is an oxygen. It has a hydrogen attached to it as well as the methyl group. Methanol is similar to water, HOH, where one of the hydrogens is replaced with the methyl group. The geometry is 'bent' around the oxygen atom in methanol. Notice the condensed structural formula and the arrangement of the atoms in the Lewis structure.
alcohol

CH3CH2OH

ethyl alcohol



Ethanol is the second alcohol. Both of these two alcohols are very important and you must be able to draw their Lewis structures and name them. Notice the condensed formula CH3CH2OH and the Lewis structure so you see oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon and a hydrogen.
ether

H3COCH3

dimethyl ether



Ethers are slightly differnet compared to an alcohol. Notice in an alcohol the oxygen atom has one hydrogen atom and the other group is a hydrocarbon. In ethers both groups attached to the oxygen atom are hydrocarbon groups. In this case both are methyl groups.
ether

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

diethyl ether



Here the hydrocarbons are both ethyl groups.
carboxylic acid

HCOOH

formic acid



In carboxylic acids there are two oxygen atoms. One of the oxygen atoms has a hydrogen bonded to it like in the alcohols. The other oxygen atom is double bonded to the carbon. Look at the Lewis structure. The carboxyl group is sometime written as -COOH group in the compound.
carboxylic acid

CH3COOH

acetic acid



Acetic acid, a component of vinegar is the first carboxylic acid with an R- group bonded to the carbon atom of the carboxyl group. I want you to know this structure.
ester

CH3COOCH3

methyl methyl ester



In esters the hydrogen atom bonded to the oxygen atom in the carboxylic acid is replaced with an R- group.
amine

CH3NH2

methylamine



The blue atom is the nitrogen atom. Notice in methylamine the carbon atom of the methyl group is bonded to the nitrogen. In amines the nitrogen atom alway has three bonding groups and one lone-pair.
amine

(CH3)2NH

dimethylamine



In this example of an amine two R- groups are bonded to the nitrogen.
amine

(CH3)3N

trimethylamine



In this example of an amine three R- groups are bonded to the nitrogen.
aromatic

C6H6

benzene



Aromatics are rings with carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds.
Are you ready for some examples of some interesting organic componds where you identify the functional groups attached?
Return to man functional group page.