12/12/2022
IASTM (Instrument AssistedSoftTissueMobilization) does not release fascia or remove adhesions.
IASTM is considered an effective method for releasing muscle-fascia restrictions, or adhesions - unfortunately, new research on the method reveals that many of its purported benefits are unsubstantiated, and conclusions have been drawn from poor-quality studies.
Fascia - a fascinating tissue covering muscles and organs, has long been thought to be able to be tamed by manual therapy techniques. But can human hands generate enough force to cause it to deform? In a study in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, researchers using a three-dimensional mathematical model determined how much pressure is generated in 20 seconds of manipulation. The results showed that tremendous forces are required to produce 1% compression and 1% shear force in the broad fascia and plantar fascia; far beyond the human physiological range (link).
This year, Dr. Goris Nazari and his team challenged the effects of IASTM by publishing a comprehensive review in The Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation, which analyzed 46 studies from 1999-2022. The systematic review found no statistically significant differences between IASTM therapy combined with other modalities in range of motion, function or pain intensity. Moreover, the authors also raised the alarm about the high risk of bias and very low quality of most of the included studies. (link)
So - to use or not to use IASTM?
IASTM shows potential for improving blood flow, although the scientific evidence is minimal, as measurement of such an effect is based on indirect indicators (link).
Further, although anecdotal evidence suggests that IASTM can provide temporary pain relief or increase range of motion, studies have not shown it to be beneficial in the long term
Lastly, IASTM as a sole form of treatment is unlikely to be a remedy for a patient's pains, but may remain a complementary option. This form may have some benefits when properly integrated into a multifaceted treatment plan. If you find any additional benefits of using IASTM with your patients - go ahead and use it for maximum improvement.