Mdcat to Mbbs

Count down begins•••88 days to go ○○●●National MDCAT on 16-August-2026

`Official Announcement`
_The MDCAT test for medical and dental colleges will be held on Sunday, 16th August 2026._

- The syllabus for MDCAT 2026 will be the same as the 2025 syllabus.

Clockwise direction Work in Thermodynamics:
A:+ve
B:-ve
C:can be both
None

Work done on the system is :
A:Zero
B:negative
C:A&B both
D: positive

If charge is positive direction of Electric Field will be opposite to the charge then Electric Force ?
A:In the field's direction
B: Opposite to the field's direction
C:do not have any direction
D:A&B
Q #2
If charge is negative direction of E.F is towards charge then direction of force will be :
A:In the field's direction
B: Opposite to the field's direction
C:do not have any direction
D:A&B

Path followed by tiny +ve charges in an Electric field is called :
A:line of force
B: equipotential
C:Line of action
D:Arc

*🔰ATP CALCULATION〽️*

`Bioenergetics; ATP CALCULATION`
*📌Some General Details:*
🔸Total ATP production in eukaryotes = 40
🔸Total ATP production in prokaryotes = 40
🔸Net ATP production in eukaryotes = 36
🔸Net ATP production in prokaryotes = 38

🔸1 NADH = 3 ATP
🔸1 FADH2 = 2 ATP

📌 Explanation;
🔹 Total Output Of *Glycolysis:*
ATP = 4
NADH = 2
🔹 Total Output Of Oxidation of Pyruvate:
NADH = 2
(Since, there are 2 Pyruvates produced in Glycolysis so, 1 NADH is produced in the Oxidation of each)
🔹Total Output Of Kreb Cycle:
ATP = 2
NADH = 6
FADH2 = 2
(Considering the outputs of 2 Kreb Cycles since 2 acetyl Co-A were produced from 2 Pyruvates.)

*📌 Grand Total:*
🔹Total ATP = 6
🔹Total NADH = 10
(10*3 = 30 ATP)
🔹Total FADH2 = 2
(2*2 = 4 ATP)
♦️ Total ATP Production = 40

*📌 Net Production of ATP in Eukaryotes:*
🔸2 ATPs are consumed during the “Preparatory Phase of Glycolysis”.
🔸2 ATPs are consumed for the transport of NADH (produced during Glycolysis) from cytoplasm ACROSS THE MEMBRANOUS BOUNDARY to mitochondrion.
♦️Net Production of ATP = 36
(40-4 = 36)
*📌Net Production of ATP in Prokaryotes:*
🔸2 ATPs are consumed during the “Preparatory Phase of Glycolysis”
◾️ ( Since there are NO membranous structures in prokaryotes so no ATP is consumed during NADH transport)
♦️Net Production of ATP = 38
(40-2 =38)

*🔴Light Reaction* produces 3ATP + 2NADH2 + O2
2) Non Cyclic Light Reaction produces 1ATP + 2NADH2 + 02
3) Cyclic Light Reaction produces 2ATP
4) Final electron acceptor of Non Cyclic reaction is NADP
5) Final electron acceptor of Cyclic Light Reaction is PS1
6) The Deficiency of electrons in PS1 is covered by PS2
7) The Deficiency of electrons in PS2 is covered by Water.
8 ) Addition of phosphate to ADP to form ATP is called *phosphorylation.*
9) Production of ATP during light reaction in the presence of light is called *Photophosporylaytion.*
10) 1 Dark Cycle = 9ATP + 6NADH2
11) 1 Glucose = 18ATP + 12NADH2
12) 1 GLUCOSE = 2 Dark Cycles
13) 1 GLUCOSE = 12 Light Cycles
14) 1 Dark Cycle = 6 Light Cycles
15) In head region of chlorophyll functional group is attached to Carbon No. 3 of the pyrole ring.
16) Carbon will be attached to the pyrole ring No. 2 of the head region.
17) Photolysis occurs in PS2.
18) Food Is Transported in the plant body in the form of Sucrose.
19) 1 SUCROSE = 4 Dark Cycles.
20) In C4 Plants Dark reaction occurs in Bundle Sheath Cells

*10 Multiple Choice Questions on English for MDCAT*

*1.* Which of the following words is a synonym for "fastidious"?
A) Careless
B) Meticulous
C) Quick
D) Slow

*2.* Identify the correct form of the possessive adjective in the sentence: "That is ______ book."
A) my
B) mine
C) mys
D) mines

*3.* Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?
A) The teacher gave the student a book.
B) The student was given a book by the teacher.
C) The book was given to the student.
D) The teacher is giving the student a book.

*4.* What is the meaning of the idiom "burn the midnight oil"?
A) To work late into the night
B) To sleep early
C) To be lazy
D) To be punctual

*5.* Which of the following words is a homophone for "fair"?
A) Fare
B) Fear
C) Four
D) For

*6.* Identify the correct form of the verb in the sentence: "If I ______ (know) the answer, I would tell you."
A) know
B) knew
C) will know
D) am knowing

*7.* Which of the following sentences is an example of a complex sentence?
A) I went to the store, and I bought some milk.
B) I went to the store because I needed milk.
C) I went to the store.
D) I bought some milk.

*8.* What is the meaning of the word "perspicacious"?
A) Having a strong and unpleasant smell
B) Having a keen understanding and insight
C) Having a lot of money
D) Having a lot of friends

*9.* Which of the following words is a synonym for "enervate"?
A) To weaken
B) To strengthen
C) To relax
D) To energize

*10.* Identify the correct form of the pronoun in the sentence: "______ is going to the movies tonight."
A) Me and my friend
B) My friend and I
C) I and my friend
D) My friend and me

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اس سال میڈیکل کالجز میں داخلے کا میرٹ 95٪ سے شروع ہو کر 60٪ تک آ گیا ہے، اس کے باوجود کئی نشستیں خالی پڑی ہیں۔

لگتا ہے کہ والدین نے بالآخر میڈیکل پروفیشن کی تلخ زمینی حقیقتوں کو سمجھنا شروع کر دیا ہے کہ 2 کروڑ فضول میں خرچ کرنے سے بہتر ہے کہ اپنے بچے کو مناسب تعلیم کے ساتھ کوئی کاروبار سیٹ کر دیا جائے۔

لیکن یہ صورتحال ایک سنجیدہ سوال کو جنم دیتی ہے:

صرف 60٪ نمبرز کے ساتھ میڈیکل کالج میں داخل ہونے والے طلبہ سے کس حد تک صلاحیت اور اہلیت کی توقع کی جا سکتی ہے؟

ایک طرف آئندہ پانچ برسوں میں کچھ نہایت ذہین، محنتی اور قابل لوگ ڈاکٹر بنیں گے۔

دوسری طرف ایک قابلِ ذکر تعداد ایسی بھی ہو سکتی ہے جو ہیوی انوسٹمنٹ، بار بار کی کوششوں، اضافی مدد اور مسلسل بیرونی "دباؤ" کے ذریعے آگے بڑھے—جو مستقبل کے میڈیکل پروفیشنلز کے مجموعی معیار پر سوالیہ نشان لگا دیتی ہے۔

یہ معاملہ صرف داخلوں کا نہیں، بلکہ آنے والی نسل کے ڈاکٹروں کے معیار اور مریضوں کے مستقبل سے جڑا ہوا ہے۔