Alhamdulillah Academy Sargodha

*1st Year Biology* (Supply)
_*Important Short Questions*_

*UNIT 1*
* Differentiate b/w population & community.
* How does theory differ from the law?
* What is integrated disease management?
* Differentiate b/w chemotherapy, radiotherapy & gene therapy.
* What is hydroponic technique? Give its importance.
* Write a note on vaccination.
* Define biome with an example.
* Define phyletic lineage & biodiversity.
* Differentiate b/w deductive reasoning & inductive reasoning.

*UNIT 2*
* Define biochemistry.
* Give its importance.
* Differentiate b/w glycosidic & peptide bond.
* Define lipids.
* Give two roles of waxes Differentiated b/w saturated & unsaturated fatty acid.
* Give the structure of lecithin.

*UNIT 3*
* What is the active site of an enzyme?
* Differentiate b/w apoenzyme & holoenzyme.
* What are the cofactor & activator of the enzyme
* How does an enzyme accelerate a metabolic reaction?
* Write four characteristics of enzymes.
* What is induced fit model? Who proposed this model?
* How does high temperature affect enzyme activities?
* What is the role of pH in enzyme action?
* Give optimum pH values for any two enzyme actions?
* What are enzyme inhibitors? Give two examples.
* Differentiate b/w reversible & irreversible enzyme inhibitors.
* Differentiate b/w competitive & non-competitive enzyme inhibitors?

*UNIT 4*
* Write down salient features of cell theory.
* Differentiate bw phagocytosis & pinocytosis.
* Give chemical composition of primary & secondary cell wall.
* Give three functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
* Define storage diseases with two examples.
* What is location of centrioles in the cell & what is their role?
* Differentiate b/w chromoplasts & leucoplasts.
* Differentiate b/w cisternae & cristae.
* What are peroxisome, polysome & ribosome?

*UNIT 5*
* Define species & virology with examples.
* Give biological classification of corn.
* What is bionomial nomenclature?
* What are two rules of nomenclature?
* What are prions?
* Differentiate b/w lytic phage & lysogenic phage.
* Write down symtoms & prevention of hepatitis?

*UNIT 6*
* Write four postulates of germ theory.
* What are mesosomes?
* Describe their function.
* Write misuse of antibiotics.
* What are trichomes?
* Give the structure & function of Heterocysts?
* What are super blue-green algae?
* Give its importance.

*UNIT 7*
* What are choanoflagellates?
* What are tritonymphs?
* Give their importance.
* Write two characteristics of ciliates.
* Differentiate b/w micronucleus & macronucleus.
* Differentiate b/w foraminiferas & actinopods.
* What are apicomplexans?
* Give one example.
* How algae differ from plants?
* What are red tides?
* Give structure & function of diatoms.
* Also write three characteristics of diatoms.
* What are kelps?
* Name the parts of thaullus of a kelp.
* Green algae are considered ancestral organism of green land plants, why?
* What is chlorella?
* Give its significance.
* What is importance of algae?

*UNIT 8*
* What are lichens?
* Give their ecological importance.
* Differentiate b/w karyogamy & plasmogamy.
* Differentiate b/w rusts & smuts.
* What is budding & para sexuality?
* What are toad stools? Give example.
* What is histoplasmosis? Give its causes.
* Give scientific name of yeast used in genetic research.
* Define hyphae. Give their two types.
* What is mycorrhiza?
* Give its importance What are dikaryotic hyphae? Give example

*UNIT 9*
* Why bryophytes plants are called amphibious plants?
* How spores of mosses differ from spores of liver worts?
* What is alternation of generation?
* Give its significance.
* Why sphenopsida are called arthophytes?
* Differentiate b/w microphylls & megaphylls.
* Define double fertilization in angiosperms.
* Give its importance.
* Differentiate b/w monocot stem & dicot stem.

*UNIT 10*
* Write the importance of sponges.
* Define polymorphism with example.
* Write down the importance of corals.
* Differentiate b/w infestation & disinfestations.
* Write names and uses of any two useful insects.
* Define nymph & metamorphosis.
* Give three characteristics of chordates.
* Give the role of swim